What is an analog signal?
A. A signal that is either on or off
B. A signal that is a continuous waveform
C. A signal that is represented by binary code
D. A signal that is transmitted through optical fibers
Correct Answer: B. A signal that is a continuous waveform. Explanation: An analog signal is a continuous waveform that represents a physical phenomenon such as sound or light. It is a continuous signal that can take any value within a range.
What is the main advantage of analog signal over digital signal?
A. Analog signal is more accurate
B. Analog signal is easier to transmit
C. Analog signal is less susceptible to noise
D. Analog signal can represent an infinite number of values
Correct Answer: D. Analog signal can represent an infinite number of values. Explanation: Unlike digital signals, analog signals can take on an infinite number of values within a given range. This makes analog signals more versatile and suitable for applications that require a high degree of precision.
What is the most common example of an analog signal?
A. Radio signal
B. Digital clock
C. Internet data
D. Computer mouse click
Correct Answer: A. Radio signal Explanation: Radio signals are the most common example of analog signals. They are transmitted through the airwaves and consist of a continuous waveform that carries information such as music or voice.
What is signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)?
A. The measure of how clear a signal is
B. The measure of how strong a signal is
C. The measure of how fast a signal is transmitted
D. The measure of how much noise is present in a signal
Correct Answer: D. The measure of how much noise is present in a signal. Explanation: Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is a measure of how much noise is present in a signal. It is defined as the ratio of the signal power to the noise power, and is typically expressed in decibels (dB). A high SNR indicates that a signal is clear and free from noise, while a low SNR indicates that there is a lot of noise in the signal.
What is PowerPlanet’s mission?
A. To provide affordable healthcare
B. To promote sustainable living
C. To manufacture luxury goods
D. To provide entertainment services
Correct Answer: B. To promote sustainable living. Explanation: PowerPlanet’s mission is to provide renewable energy solutions and promote sustainable living practices.
What is Robotic Process Automation (RPA)?
A. A technique for creating 3D models of robotic systems
B. A method for controlling robots remotely
C. An approach for automating routine tasks using software robots
D. A system for detecting and preventing cyberattacks
Correct Answer: C. An approach for automating routine tasks using software robots Explanation: Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is a technology that automates routine tasks using software robots, freeing up employees to focus on more strategic tasks. RPA bots can be programmed to perform tasks just like a human would, using user interfaces, keyboard shortcuts, and mouse clicks.
What are some benefits of implementing RPA?
A. Increased errors due to the involvement of machines
B. Reduced costs and time for completing repetitive tasks
C. Increased workload and stress on employees
D. Decreased efficiency in business operations
Correct Answer: B. Reduced costs and time for completing repetitive tasks Explanation: Implementing RPA can lead to reduced costs and time for completing repetitive tasks. RPA bots can work 24/7, are consistent, and have a low error rate, leading to increased efficiency and accuracy. This can free up employees to focus on more strategic tasks, such as decision-making and problem-solving.
What are some challenges of implementing RPA?
A. Difficulty in integrating RPA with existing systems
B. Lack of skilled personnel to operate and maintain RPA
C. High cost of implementing RPA
D. Limited scalability of RPA
Correct Answer: A. Difficulty in integrating RPA with existing systems Explanation: One of the challenges of implementing RPA is the difficulty in integrating RPA with existing systems. RPA bots need to be able to interact with different software systems, which can be complex and require specialized knowledge. Additionally, there may be compatibility issues between the RPA software and the existing systems. Other challenges of implementing RPA can include the lack of skilled personnel to operate and maintain RPA, the high cost of implementation, and the limited scalability of RPA in some cases.
What is phishing?
A. A type of social engineering attack
B. A type of virus
C. A type of firewall
D. A type of encryption
Correct Answer: A. A type of social engineering attack Explanation: Phishing is a type of social engineering attack in which cybercriminals send fraudulent emails or messages to trick people into revealing sensitive information such as passwords, credit card details, or login credentials. Phishing scams often include links to fake websites or attachments that contain malware. It is not a type of virus, firewall, or encryption.
What is the primary goal of DevOps?
A. To increase code quality
B. To increase deployment frequency
C. To reduce development costs
D. To reduce server load
Correct Answer: B. To increase deployment frequency. Explanation: DevOps is a software development methodology that emphasizes collaboration and communication between software developers and IT professionals. The primary goal of DevOps is to increase the deployment frequency of software, while maintaining or even improving the quality of the code. This allows organizations to quickly respond to changing market conditions and customer needs, ultimately resulting in increased business agility and competitive advantage.
Which of the following tools is used for version control in DevOps?
A. Ansible
B. Jenkins
C. Git
D. Docker
Correct Answer: C. Git. Explanation: Version control is an important part of DevOps, as it allows developers to keep track of changes to their code over time. Git is one of the most popular version control systems used in DevOps, as it provides a centralized repository for storing code and allows for easy collaboration between developers. Ansible is a configuration management tool, Jenkins is a continuous integration tool, and Docker is a containerization tool, none of which are primarily used for version control.
What is the primary benefit of continuous integration in DevOps?
A. It allows for automated testing of code changes
B. It speeds up the development process
C. It reduces the risk of conflicts between code changes
D. It allows for automatic deployment of code changes
Correct Answer: C. It reduces the risk of conflicts between code changes. Explanation: Continuous integration is the practice of automatically building, testing, and integrating code changes into a shared repository on a frequent and regular basis. One of the primary benefits of continuous integration is that it reduces the risk of conflicts between code changes, as it allows developers to quickly identify and resolve any issues that may arise as a result of code changes. While continuous integration can help speed up the development process and allow for automated testing and deployment of code changes, its primary benefit is in reducing the risk of conflicts between code changes.
What is Jenkins?
A. A Continuous Integration (CI) tool
B. A Database Management System (DBMS)
C. A Cloud Computing Platform
D. A Network Security Tool
Correct Answer: A. A Continuous Integration (CI) tool Explanation: Jenkins is an open-source automation tool that is used to build, test, and deploy software projects continuously. It is a widely used CI tool that integrates with various technologies and tools to provide a seamless continuous integration and deployment process.
Which of the following is a benefit of using Jenkins?
A. Improved software quality
B. Decreased testing efficiency
C. Increased manual effort in deployment
D. Decreased productivity
Correct Answer: A. Improved software quality Explanation: Jenkins automates the build and testing process, ensuring that the software is thoroughly tested before deployment. It also facilitates continuous integration and deployment, which helps in identifying and resolving issues quickly. These features ultimately lead to improved software quality and better user experience.
Which of the following is true about Jenkins plugins?
A. Jenkins plugins are used to extend the functionality of Jenkins
B. Jenkins does not support plugins
C. Jenkins plugins cannot be customized
D. Jenkins plugins are only used for visual customization
Correct Answer: A. Jenkins plugins are used to extend the functionality of Jenkins Explanation: Jenkins plugins are used to add new features or functionality to Jenkins. These plugins can be installed and customized to meet the specific needs of the users. There are a large number of plugins available for Jenkins that can be used for various purposes, such as integrating with other tools, adding new build steps, and providing better reporting.
What is the extension of Ruby source code files?
A. .ru
B. .rb
C. .ruby
D. .rg
Correct Answer: B. .rb Explanation: Ruby source code files have the extension .rb, and they contain Ruby code that can be executed by the Ruby interpreter.
Which of the following is not a valid Ruby data type?
A. Integer
B. String
C. Decimal
D. Boolean
Correct Answer: C. Decimal Explanation: Ruby does not have a Decimal data type. Instead, Ruby has a Float data type for decimal numbers.
Which of the following is the correct syntax for defining a method in Ruby?
A. def my_method
B. def my_method():
C. def my_method():
D. def my_method
Correct Answer: A. def my_method Explanation: In Ruby, methods are defined using the def keyword followed by the method name and any parameters in parentheses. The method body is enclosed in curly braces or the do/end block. Option B and C are incorrect because the parentheses and colon are not needed in method definitions. Option D is missing the parentheses after the method name.
What is the name of a popular collaborative robot used in industrial settings?
A. Universal Robots UR10
B. Sony AIBO
C. Boston Dynamics Atlas
D. Honda ASIMO
Correct Answer: A. Universal Robots UR10 Explanation: The Universal Robots UR10 is a collaborative robot that is designed to work alongside human workers in industrial settings. Boston Dynamics Atlas is a humanoid robot used for research and development purposes. Sony AIBO is a robotic pet dog used for entertainment. Honda ASIMO is a humanoid robot used for demonstrations and educational purposes.
What is the recent advancement in machine learning for robotics?
A. Reinforcement learning
B. Convolutional neural networks
C. Long short-term memory networks
D. Support vector machines
Correct Answer: A. Reinforcement learning Explanation: Reinforcement learning is a newer technique that allows robots to learn through trial and error by receiving feedback in the form of rewards or penalties for certain actions. Convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory networks are types of neural networks that have been used in machine learning for robotics for some time. Support vector machines are a type of supervised learning algorithm that is not as commonly used in robotics.
What is a firewall in the context of computer security?
A. A physical barrier around a computer system
B. A software program that filters incoming and outgoing network traffic
C. A type of virus that spreads through networks
D. A tool that encrypts sensitive data on a computer
Correct Answer: B. A software program that filters incoming and outgoing network traffic Explanation: Firewalls are commonly used to prevent unauthorized access to a network or computer system by monitoring and filtering network traffic based on predefined rules.
Which of the following is an example of two-factor authentication?
A. A username and password
B. A fingerprint scan and a password
C. A passphrase
D. A security question
Correct Answer: B. A fingerprint scan and a password Explanation: Two-factor authentication requires users to provide two types of identification to access a system or network, typically a password or PIN plus a physical token, such as a fingerprint, smart card, or token-generating device.
What is a phishing attack?
A. A type of firewall that blocks incoming email
B. A type of malware that encrypts a computer’s files and demands payment for their release
C. A social engineering tactic that attempts to trick people into revealing sensitive information or installing malware
D. A type of denial-of-service attack that overwhelms a website or network with traffic
Correct Answer: C. A social engineering tactic that attempts to trick people into revealing sensitive information or installing malware Explanation: Phishing attacks are a type of social engineering tactic that involves tricking people into providing sensitive information or installing malware by disguising the attack as a legitimate request or communication, such as an email or website.
What is encryption?
A. A process that hides sensitive information in plain sight
B. A way to prevent unauthorized access to a computer system by physically securing it
C. A method of scrambling data so that it can only be read by someone with the proper decryption key
D. A tool that scans for malware and viruses on a computer system
Correct Answer: C. A method of scrambling data so that it can only be read by someone with the proper decryption key Explanation: Encryption is commonly used to protect sensitive data during transmission over a network or while stored on a computer system by converting plaintext data into ciphertext using a mathematical algorithm and a secret key, making the data unreadable to anyone who does not have the key.
What is the objective of the “National Digital Health Mission” launched in India in August 2020?
A. To provide free healthcare services to all citizens.
B. To establish a single electronic health record for each citizen.
C. To offer financial assistance to private hospitals.
D. To focus only on urban areas.
Correct Answer: B. To establish a single electronic health record for each citizen. Explanation: The National Digital Health Mission launched in August 2020 aims to establish a single electronic health record for each citizen, which can be accessed by authorized healthcare providers across India.
What is the objective of the “Startup India Seed Fund” launched by the Government of India in 2021?
A. To provide funding to startups in their growth phase.
B. To support startups with research and development.
C. To provide seed funding to startups at the ideation stage.
D. To encourage startups to go public.
Correct Answer: C. To provide seed funding to startups at the ideation stage. Explanation: The Startup India Seed Fund, launched in January 2021, aims to provide seed funding to startups at the ideation stage to help them develop and commercialize their products or services.
What is the purpose of the “One Nation, One Ration Card” scheme launched by the Indian government in 2020?
A. To provide free rations to all citizens.
B. To establish a single national database of ration card holders.
C. To allow portability of ration cards across states.
D. To digitize the ration card system.
Correct Answer: C. To allow portability of ration cards across states. Explanation: The “One Nation, One Ration Card” scheme launched in June 2020 aims to allow portability of ration cards across states, enabling beneficiaries to avail of subsidized food grains from any Fair Price Shop (FPS) across the country.
What is the aim of the “Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana” launched by the Indian government in 2020?
A. To provide financial assistance to farmers.
B. To promote entrepreneurship in the fisheries sector.
C. To increase fish production and productivity.
D. To establish a national database of fishermen.
Correct Answer: B. To promote entrepreneurship in the fisheries sector. Explanation: The “Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana” launched in May 2020 aims to promote entrepreneurship in the fisheries sector by providing financial assistance and infrastructure development. The scheme aims to increase fish production and productivity, and thereby increase the income of fish farmers and other stakeholders in the fisheries value chain.
What is the purpose of a transmitter in a communication system?
A. To amplify the received signal
B. To convert digital signals into analog signals
C. To convert analog signals into digital signals
D. To transmit the signal over a communication channel
Correct Answer: D. To transmit the signal over a communication channel Explanation: The purpose of a transmitter is to convert the information signal into a form suitable for transmission over a communication channel.
What is the function of the modulation process in a transmitter?
A. To convert the signal into a form suitable for transmission
B. To amplify the signal
C. To demodulate the signal
D. To decode the signal
Correct Answer: A. To convert the signal into a form suitable for transmission Explanation: Modulation is the process of modifying a signal in such a way that it can be transmitted efficiently over a communication channel.
What is the purpose of a transmitter in a communication system?
A. To amplify the received signal
B. To convert digital signals into analog signals
C. To convert analog signals into digital signals
D. To transmit the signal over a communication channel
Correct Answer: D. To transmit the signal over a communication channel Explanation: The purpose of a transmitter is to convert the information signal into a form suitable for transmission over a communication channel.
Which of the following is an example of a decoding barrier in communication?
A. Poor transmission quality
B. Lack of feedback
C. Lack of common language
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D. All of the above. Explanation: Decoding barriers can include anything that interferes with the receiver’s ability to understand the message, such as poor transmission quality, lack of feedback, or lack of a common language.
In communication, what is the relationship between encoding and decoding?
A. They are the same thing
B. Encoding comes before decoding
C. Decoding comes before encoding
D. They happen simultaneously
Correct Answer: B. Encoding comes before decoding. Explanation: In communication, the sender encodes a message and the receiver decodes it.
Which of the following is an example of a decoding error in communication?
A. The receiver misunderstands a message due to language barriers
B. The receiver correctly interprets a message but does not respond
C. The receiver responds but uses a different communication medium
D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A. The receiver misunderstands a message due to language barriers. Explanation: Decoding errors occur when the receiver misinterprets or misunderstands a message, such as due to language barriers, cultural differences, or other factors. Option B and C may be considered as errors in feedback or medium, respectively.
What is an Anti-Gravity Hill in India?
A. A hill where objects appear to roll upwards
B. A hill where objects appear to roll downwards
C. A hill where objects remain stationary
D. A hill where objects disappear
Correct Answer: A. A hill where objects appear to roll upwards Explanation: Anti-Gravity Hills, also known as Magnetic Hills or Gravity Hills, are natural or man-made slopes where the layout of the surrounding land produces an optical illusion, making a downhill slope appear as an uphill slope. Objects, including cars, water, and balls, appear to roll upwards on these hills, defying the laws of gravity.
What is the cause of the Anti-Gravity effect on these hills?
A. Strong magnetic fields in the area
B. The curvature of the Earth
C. The density of the surrounding air
D. A trick of the light
Correct Answer: A. Strong magnetic fields in the area Explanation: The Anti-Gravity effect on these hills is caused by the presence of strong magnetic fields in the area, which can distort the gravitational pull and cause objects to appear to roll uphill.
What is the most commonly used protocol for sending and receiving emails over the internet?
A. FTP
B. HTTP
C. SMTP
D. SSH
Correct Answer: C. SMTP Explanation: SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is the most commonly used protocol for sending and receiving emails over the internet. FTP is used for transferring files between computers, HTTP is used for accessing websites, and SSH is used for remote access to computers.
What is the purpose of a DNS server in a computer network?
A. To protect the network from malware attacks
B. To manage network resources
C. To translate domain names to IP addresses
D. To provide secure access to the network
Correct Answer: C. To translate domain names to IP addresses Explanation: DNS (Domain Name System) servers are responsible for translating human-readable domain names (such as www.example.com) into IP addresses that computers use to identify each other on the network. This is essential for communication between devices on the internet. DNS servers do not protect the network from malware attacks, manage network resources, or provide secure access to the network.
What is the most common type of chip used in robots?
A. Microcontroller
B. ASIC
C. FPGA
D. DSP
Correct Answer: A. Microcontroller Explanation: Microcontrollers are the most commonly used type of chip in robots as they offer a balance of processing power and flexibility for controlling robots.
What is the primary advantage of using an ASIC in a robot?
A. Low power consumption
B. High processing speed
C. Customizability
D. Versatility
Correct Answer: C. Customizability Explanation: ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits) can be customized for a specific purpose to meet the exact needs of a particular robot, providing a higher level of performance than general-purpose chips.
Which type of robot chip is best suited for performing complex mathematical calculations?
A. FPGA
B. Microcontroller
C. DSP
D. ASIC
Correct Answer: C. DSP Explanation: DSPs (Digital Signal Processors) are specifically designed for complex mathematical calculations and signal processing tasks, making them an excellent choice for robots that require real-time processing of sensor data.
What is the primary advantage of using an FPGA in a robot?
A. Customizability
B. Low power consumption
C. High processing speed
D. Flexibility
Correct Answer: D. Flexibility Explanation: FPGAs (Field-Programmable Gate Arrays) can be reprogrammed to perform a variety of different functions, making them an excellent choice for prototyping and testing new robot designs. They offer a high level of flexibility, allowing designers to experiment with different configurations and functionality.
Which of the following is NOT a component of biodiversity?
A. Genetic diversity
B. Species diversity
C. Ecosystem diversity
D. Demographic diversity
Correct Answer: D. Demographic diversity Explanation: Demographic diversity is not a component of biodiversity. Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms at different levels, including genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity.
What is the leading cause of biodiversity loss worldwide?
A. Habitat destruction
B. Climate change
C. Overexploitation of resources
D. Invasive species
Correct Answer: A. Habitat destruction Explanation: Habitat destruction, including deforestation, urbanization, and agricultural expansion, is the leading cause of biodiversity loss worldwide. Habitat destruction can lead to the extinction of species and the disruption of ecosystem functions.
Which of the following is an example of an ecosystem service provided by biodiversity?
A. Carbon sequestration
B. Soil erosion
C. Water pollution
D. Air pollution
Correct Answer: A. Carbon sequestration Explanation: Biodiversity provides a range of ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration, which refers to the process by which carbon is removed from the atmosphere and stored in vegetation and soil. Other ecosystem services provided by biodiversity include pollination, nutrient cycling, and pest control.
What is Edge Computing?
A. A type of cloud computing technology
B. A distributed computing paradigm
C. A centralized computing architecture
D. A peer-to-peer network architecture
Correct Answer: B. A distributed computing paradigm Explanation: Edge Computing is a distributed computing paradigm that brings computation and data storage closer to the location where it is needed, typically at the edge of the network, rather than relying on a centralized data center. Option (b) is the correct answer.
Which of the following is the primary advantage of Edge Computing?
A. Reduced latency and network congestion
B. Lower deployment costs
C. Improved scalability and flexibility
D. Increased data security and privacy
Correct Answer: A. Reduced latency and network congestion Explanation: The primary advantage of Edge Computing is reduced latency and network congestion, as it allows data to be processed closer to the source, rather than being sent to a centralized location for processing. Option (a) is the correct answer.
Which of the following is an example of an Edge Computing use case?
A. Data analysis in a centralized data center
B. Autonomous vehicles
C. Social media networking
D. E-commerce websites
Correct Answer: B. Autonomous vehicles Explanation: Autonomous vehicles are an example of an Edge Computing use case, as they require real-time data processing and decision-making capabilities, which can be better achieved through Edge Computing rather than relying on a centralized data center. Option (b) is the correct answer.
What is the role of Edge Computing in the Internet of Things (IoT)?
A. Processing data in a centralized location
B. Storing data in a centralized database
C. Providing real-time analytics and insights
D. Connecting devices to the internet
Correct Answer: C. Providing real-time analytics and insights Explanation: Edge Computing plays a critical role in the IoT by providing real-time analytics and insights, which enables devices to make faster and more accurate decisions. Option (c) is the correct answer.
Which of the following is NOT an example of an e-commerce business model?
A. B2B (Business-to-Business)
B. B2C (Business-to-Consumer)
C. C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer)
D. C2B (Consumer-to-Business)
Correct Answer: D. C2B (Consumer-to-Business) Explanation: C2B models allow individual consumers to sell their products or services to businesses.
Which of the following is an advantage of e-commerce over traditional retail?
A. E-commerce allows for personal interaction between buyers and sellers
B. E-commerce offers limited geographic reach
C. E-commerce has lower overhead costs
D. E-commerce has slower delivery times
Correct Answer: C. E-commerce has lower overhead costs Explanation: E-commerce has lower overhead costs compared to traditional retail, which can help businesses save money on rent, utilities, and other expenses. The other options are incorrect – e-commerce doesn’t require personal interaction between buyers and sellers, has a wider geographic reach, and often offers faster delivery times.
What is a blockchain?
A. A decentralized database that records transactions and is immutable.
B. A centralized database that records transactions and is mutable.
C. A type of computer hardware used for mining cryptocurrencies.
D. A programming language used for creating smart contracts.
Correct Answer: A. A decentralized database that records transactions and is immutable.
Explanation: Blockchain is a decentralized digital ledger that records transactions in a secure and transparent manner. It is immutable, meaning that once a transaction is recorded on the blockchain, it cannot be altered.
What is the role of miners in a blockchain network?
A. To create new transactions.
B. To validate transactions and add them to the blockchain.
C. To hack into the blockchain network.
D. To regulate the price of cryptocurrencies.
Correct Answer: B. To validate transactions and add them to the blockchain.
Explanation: Miners are responsible for validating transactions and adding them to the blockchain. They use powerful computers to solve complex mathematical problems in order to add new blocks to the blockchain.
What is a smart contract?
A. A contract that is written in natural language.
B. A contract that is enforced automatically by a computer program.
C. A contract that is only valid in a specific country.
D. A contract that is not legally binding.
Correct Answer: B. A contract that is enforced automatically by a computer program.
Explanation: A smart contract is a computer program that automatically executes the terms of a contract when certain conditions are met. It is self-executing and does not require intermediaries to enforce the terms of the agreement.
What is a private blockchain?
A. A blockchain that is publicly accessible to anyone.
B. A blockchain that is only accessible to a specific group of users.
C. A blockchain that is used for storing personal information.
D. A blockchain that is not secure.
Correct Answer: B. A blockchain that is only accessible to a specific group of users.
Explanation: A private blockchain is a type of blockchain that is only accessible to a specific group of users. It is typically used in enterprise settings where privacy and security are a top priority. Unlike public blockchains, private blockchains are not accessible to everyone.
What is computing power measured in?
A. Watts
B. FLOPS
C. MIPS
D. GHz
Correct Answer: B. FLOPS Explanation: Computing power is typically measured in FLOPS (floating-point operations per second) or MIPS (millions of instructions per second), not in watts or GHz.
Which of the following factors can affect the computing power of a device?
A. The clock speed of the processor
B. The amount of RAM in the device
C. The size of the device’s hard drive
D. The color of the device’s casing
Correct Answer: A. The clock speed of the processor and B. The amount of RAM in the device. Explanation: The computing power of a device is determined by various factors such as the processor clock speed, the number of processor cores, the amount of RAM, and the size of the hard drive or storage capacity. The clock speed of the processor determines how quickly it can perform calculations, while the amount of RAM allows the device to handle more data at once and run more programs simultaneously.
Which of the following statements about Moore’s Law is true?
A. Moore’s Law states that the computing power of devices will increase at a steady rate over time
B. Moore’s Law is no longer applicable as computing power has reached its maximum potential
C. Moore’s Law was proposed in the early 1900s by mathematician Gordon Moore
D. Moore’s Law only applies to smartphones and tablets
Correct Answer: A. Moore’s Law states that the computing power of devices will increase at a steady rate over time. Explanation: Moore’s Law is an observation made by Gordon Moore, co-founder of Intel Corporation, in 1965, stating that the number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit doubles approximately every two years, leading to a doubling of computing power at a similar rate. This has held true for several decades and has been a driving force behind the rapid advancement of technology.
