1. How did mosasaurs like Wakayama Soryu meet their extinction?
      A. Climate change
      B. Volcanic activity
      C. Mass extinction event from an asteroid impact
      D. Competition with other marine predators
      Correct Answer: C. Mass extinction event from an asteroid impact
      Explanation: Mosasaurs, including Wakayama Soryu, faced extinction due to a mass extinction event caused by an asteroid impact during the late Cretaceous period. source
    2. What crucial molecule for life formation was discovered in the oceans of Enceladus?
      A. Oxygen
      B. Methanol
      C. Hydrogen Cyanide
      D. Ethane
      Correct Answer: C. Hydrogen Cyanide
      Explanation: The discovery of hydrogen cyanide as a crucial molecule for life formation in the oceans of Enceladus. source
    3. Why is the recent inclusion of noma in the WHO’s list significant?
      A. Symbolic gesture
      B. No particular significance
      C. Marks a crucial step toward eradication
      D. Routine update
      Correct Answer: C. Marks a crucial step toward eradication
      Explanation: The importance of this recognition, prompting calls for increased attention and resources to combat noma. source
    4. What is the primary goal of logistics in India’s market?
      A. Employment generation
      B. Efficient planning and execution of transportation and storage
      C. Boosting economic efficiency
      D. Enhancing competitiveness in export markets
      Correct Answer: B. Efficient planning and execution of transportation and storage
      Explanation: Logistics in India involves the efficient planning and execution of transportation and storage of goods to fulfill customer requirements in a timely and cost-effective manner. source
    5. What is the regulatory status of Ketamine in India?
      A. Schedule A
      B. Schedule B
      C. Schedule X
      D. Over-the-Counter (OTC)
      Correct Answer: C. Schedule X
      Explanation: Ketamine is classified as a Schedule X drug in India, subject to stringent control and monitoring. source
    6. What geographical feature bisects the Ellsworth Mountains?
      A. Amazon River
      B. Mississippi River
      C. Minnesota Glacier
      D. Nile River
      Correct Answer: C. Minnesota Glacier
      Explanation: The glacier bisects the Ellsworth Mountains, creating the Sentinel Range in the north and the Heritage Range in the south.
      source
    7. What is the primary toxin responsible for lathyrism?
      A. BPA
      B. BAPN
      C. BHA
      D. BHT
      Correct Answer: B. BAPN
      Explanation: Lathyrism is primarily caused by the toxin BAPN, inhibiting the copper-containing enzyme lysyl oxidase.
      source
    8. What is the focus of the United Nations’ declaration of 2024 as the International Year?
      A. Endangered Species
      B. Camelids
      C. Marine Life
      D. Tropical Rainforests
      Correct Answer: B. Camelids
      Explanation: The United Nations’ emphasis on camelids such as alpacas, Bactrian camels, dromedaries, guanacos, llamas, and vicuñas in 2024. source
    9. What key feature enhances security in the e-mail system beyond username and password combinations?
      A. QR Code Authentication
      B. Two-Factor Authentication
      C. Email Verification
      D. Phone Number Authentication
      Correct Answer: B. Two-Factor Authentication
      Explanation: Two-Factor Authentication is a key feature, providing an additional layer of protection beyond conventional username and password combinations, allowing users to opt for facial recognition or biometrics.
      source
    10. What are the components of IFWCS addressing sustainable forest management?
      A. Single Certification
      B. Sustainable Management of Trees in Forests
      C. Certification for Sustainable Forest Management, Sustainable Management of Trees Outside Forests, Chain of Custody
      D. Traceability in the Supply Chain
      Correct Answer: C. Certification for Sustainable Forest Management, Sustainable Management of Trees Outside Forests, Chain of Custody
      Explanation: IFWCS comprises Certification for Sustainable Forest Management, Sustainable Management of Trees Outside Forests, and Chain of Custody, as outlined in the essay.
      source
    11. Which constitutional provision regulates state borrowings and mandates consent from the Government of India for raising loans?
      A. Article 370
      B. Article 293(3)
      C. Article 356
      D. Article 311
      Correct Answer: B. Article 293(3)
      Explanation: Article 293(3) constitutionally regulates state borrowings and stipulates that states cannot raise a loan without the consent of the Government of India, as mentioned in the essay.
      source
    12. What is evergreening of loans?
      A. Timely resolution of financial difficulties
      B. Providing additional funds to borrowers in need
      C. Creating a temporary illusion of financial stability
      D. Encouraging transparent financial practices
      Correct Answer: C. Creating a temporary illusion of financial stability
      Explanation: Evergreening involves providing additional funds to borrowers, creating a temporary illusion of financial stability, but often leading to a cycle of increasing debt and delayed resolution of financial difficulties. source
    13. What is the primary factor attributed to the increase in tiger population at Valmiki Tiger Reserve in Bihar?
      A. Introduction of new tiger species
      B. Reduction in human activities, particularly illegal mining
      C. Enhanced tourism initiatives
      D. Changes in climatic conditions
      Correct Answer: B. Reduction in human activities, particularly illegal mining
      Explanation: As the primary reason for the rise in tiger numbers at Valmiki Tiger Reserve. source
    14. Which maritime passage is strategically significant and has been targeted by Houthi attacks?
      A. Suez Canal
      B. Strait of Hormuz
      C. Bab el-Mandeb strait
      D. Panama Canal
      Correct Answer: C. Bab el-Mandeb strait
      Explanation: Houthi attacks have escalated to target merchant tankers navigating this crucial passage. source
    15. What is the primary driver of global coal demand growth in 2022?
      A. Europe
      B. United States
      C. Asia (China, India, Indonesia)
      D. Africa
      Correct Answer: C. Asia (China, India, Indonesia)
      Explanation: Asia, particularly China, India, and Indonesia, is highlighted as the primary driver of global coal demand growth in 2022.
      source
    16. What is highlighted as one of the significant effects of greenwashing ?
      A. Increased brand loyalty
      B. Enhanced customer satisfaction
      C. Erosion of brand loyalty and trust
      D. Positive influence on purchasing decisions
      Correct Answer: C. Erosion of brand loyalty and trust
      Explanation: Greenwashing can lead to the erosion of customer satisfaction and brand loyalty, impacting trust in the brand. source
    17. Which category of electric vehicles does the committee specifically recommend reinstating subsidies for?
      A. Electric bicycles
      B. Electric two-wheelers
      C. Electric three-wheelers
      D. Electric buses
      Correct Answer: B. Electric two-wheelers
      Explanation: The committee suggests reinstating subsidies on electric two-wheelers to encourage their adoption for emission reduction and urban mobility improvement.
      source
    18. What critical issue does the MSE Scheme on Online Dispute Resolution aim to address?
      A. Green investment challenges
      B. Delayed payments for MSMEs
      C. Financing issues for MSMEs
      D. Circular economy implementation
      Correct Answer: B. Delayed payments for MSMEs
      Explanation: The MSE Scheme on Online Dispute Resolution targets the issue of delayed payments for MSMEs. source
    19. Which aspect of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC), does BNSS2 specifically target for replacement?
      A. Sentencing guidelines
      B. Arrest and prosecution procedures
      C. Civil procedure rules
      D. Evidence collection in trials
      Correct Answer: B. Arrest and prosecution procedures
      Explanation: BNSS2 focuses on overhauling arrest and prosecution procedures outlined in the CrPC. source
    20. Which force is responsible for protecting vital installations such as airports within the CAPFs?
      A. Border Security Force (BSF)
      B. Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)
      C. Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB)
      D. Assam Rifles (AR)
      Correct Answer: B. Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)
      Explanation: The Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) is tasked with protecting vital installations, including airports. source
    21. What is the primary advantage of Artificial Intelligence (AI)?
      A. Replicating human emotions
      B. Enhancing creativity in machines
      C. Leveraging data for incremental improvements in efficiency, accuracy, and decision-making
      D. Mimicking physical abilities of humans
      Correct Answer: C. Leveraging data for incremental improvements in efficiency, accuracy, and decision-making
      Explanation: AI’s main advantage lies in leveraging data to improve efficiency, accuracy, and decision-making across various industries. source

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