1. What are the environmental concerns associated with the Mekedatu project?
      A. Risk of earthquakes
      B. Air pollution from construction activities
      C. Submergence of the Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary and increased man-animal conflict
      D. Water contamination and ecosystem disruption
      Correct Answer: C. Submergence of the Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary and increased man-animal conflict
      Explanation: The environmental concerns related to the Mekedatu project, including the potential submergence of the Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary and the increased risk of man-animal conflict.
      source
    2. What is the role of the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) in relation to the National Electricity Plan (NEP)?
      A. Prepare and notify the NEP
      B. Implement the NEP
      C. Conduct reviews of the NEP
      D. None of the above
      Correct Answer: A. Prepare and notify the NEP
      Explanation: The role of the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) is to prepare and notify the National Electricity Plan (NEP) as mandated by the Electricity Act, 2003.
      source
    3. What is the primary reason for the increased demand for lithium?
      A. Its use in mobile phones and laptops.
      B. The global transition to low-carbon economies.
      C. The development of 5G networks.
      D. Its role in medical devices like pacemakers.
      Correct Answer: B. The global transition to low-carbon economies.
      Explanation: The ongoing shift towards low-carbon economies, along with the expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) and 5G networks, contributes to the growing demand for efficient energy storage solutions.
      source
    4. What is the main purpose of the Agni series of missiles?
      A. Enhancing space exploration capabilities
      B. Strengthening strategic deterrence
      C. Facilitating international cooperation
      D. Supporting domestic infrastructure projects
      Correct Answer: B. Strengthening strategic deterrence
      Explanation: The Agni series of missiles form the backbone of India’s nuclear delivery options, contributing to the country’s strategic deterrence capabilities. source
    5. What is one of the key contrasts in India’s banking system ?
      A. High per capita account balance
      B. Equal contribution to deposits from rural and urban populations
      C. Low non-performing assets (NPAs)
      D. Rural-urban divide in deposits
      Correct Answer: D. Rural-urban divide in deposits
      Explanation: The rural-urban divide in deposits, where the rural population contributes significantly less compared to the urban population. source
    6. What is the common characteristic of Central Asian countries’ foreign policy trajectories?
      A. Neutrality
      B. Multi-vectorism
      C. Security-driven
      D. Balancing regional engagements
      Correct Answer: B. Multi-vectorism
      Explanation: The Central Asian countries have successfully implemented a multi-vectored foreign policy, which extends beyond the traditional Russia-China axis.
      source
    7. Which organization collaborates with the National Commission for Women (NCW) to launch the Entrepreneurship Awareness Programmes (EAPs)?
      A. Ministry of Finance
      B. Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India (EDII)
      C. National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC)
      D. Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)
      Correct Answer: B. Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India (EDII)
      Explanation: EDII collaborates with NCW to launch the EAPs across the country.
      source
    8. What is the primary advantage of salt cavern-based oil storage facilities over rock cavern-based facilities?
      A. Higher storage capacity
      B. Lower construction costs
      C. Faster oil extraction process
      D. Enhanced geological stability
      Correct Answer: B. Lower construction costs
      Explanation: Salt cavern-based facilities have the advantage of lower construction costs compared to rock cavern-based facilities, as they are developed through a simpler and less cost-intensive process called solution mining.
      source
    9. Which approach does Bima Vahak adopt in its insurance distribution channel?
      A. Men-centric approach.
      B. Urban-centric approach.
      C. Gender-neutral approach.
      D. Women-centric approach.
      Correct Answer: D. Women-centric approach.
      Explanation: Bima Vahak intends to create a women-centric insurance distribution channel, aiming to empower women and promote gender equality in rural areas.
      source
    10. Which blockchain is commonly used for holding NFTs?
      A. Bitcoin blockchain
      B. Ethereum blockchain
      C. Ripple blockchain
      D. Cardano blockchain
      Correct Answer: B. Ethereum blockchain
      Explanation: While other blockchains can support NFTs, the Ethereum blockchain is the most commonly used platform for creating and trading NFTs. source
    11. What is one of the key advantages of the Kavach system?
      A. Cost-effectiveness
      B. Early detection of anomalies
      C. Preventing locomotive collisions
      D. Probability of error of 1 in 100 years
      Correct Answer: A. Cost-effectiveness
      Explanation: The Kavach system is considered one of the cheapest ATP technologies available while maintaining a high level of safety (SIL-4 certified). This cost-effectiveness makes it an attractive option for implementing robust safety measures in the railway sector without compromising affordability.
      source
    12. What is the purpose of interlocking in railway signaling systems?
      A. To increase train speeds
      B. To control train movements and prevent accidents
      C. To reduce maintenance costs
      D. To improve passenger comfort
      Correct Answer: B. To control train movements and prevent accidents
      Explanation: Interlocking systems ensure the safe operation of trains by coordinating the functions of points, track occupancy sensing devices, and signals, thereby preventing conflicts and minimizing the risk of accidents.
      source
    13. What is the primary cause of anaemia in India?
      A. Vitamin D deficiency
      B. Protein deficiency
      C. Iron deficiency
      D. Vitamin C deficiency
      Correct Answer: C. Iron deficiency
      Explanation: The essay states that the most common nutritional cause of anaemia is iron deficiency. source
    14. How do OPEC+ decisions impact the global oil market?
      A. They have no effect on oil prices
      B. They directly influence global oil supply and demand dynamics
      C. They focus solely on promoting renewable energy sources
      D. They primarily benefit non-OPEC oil producers
      Correct Answer: B. They directly influence global oil supply and demand dynamics
      Explanation: The OPEC+ decisions have a direct impact on the international oil supply and demand dynamics, ultimately affecting prices in the global oil market.
      source
    15. What are superbugs?
      A. Fungi resistant to antibiotics
      B. Bacteria resistant to antibiotics
      C. Viruses resistant to antibiotics
      D. Fungi and bacteria resistant to antibiotics
      Correct Answer: D. Fungi and bacteria resistant to antibiotics
      Explanation: Superbugs refer to both bacteria and fungi that have developed resistance to multiple antibiotics.
      source
    16. What potential impact could the expiration of the lease have on power supply?
      A. Increased power supply for the region
      B. No impact on power supply
      C. Disruption of power supply
      D. Decreased power supply for the region
      Correct Answer: C. Disruption of power supply
      Explanation:The expiration of the lease could potentially disrupt the power supply in the region, affecting industries, businesses, and households. source
    17. What are natural carbon sinks?
      A. Soil, forests, and oceans
      B. Wind turbines and solar panels
      C. Coal-fired power plants
      D. Oil and gas reserves
      Correct Answer: A. Soil, forests, and oceans
      Explanation: The soil, forests, and oceans are examples of natural carbon sinks, which absorb more carbon than they emit. source
    18. What is the primary reason behind the Central Government’s ban on fourteen fixed-dose combination (FDC) medicines?
      A. Lack of availability in the market
      B. High cost of FDC medicines
      C. Therapeutic irrelevance and potential risks
      D. Limited production capacity
      Correct Answer: C. Therapeutic irrelevance and potential risks
      Explanation: The government banned these FDC medicines because the Expert Committee found no therapeutic justification for them and highlighted potential risks to human health.
      source
    19. Which weather conditions contribute to high ozone levels?
      A. Cloudy and overcast skies
      B. Strong wind gusts
      C. Low temperatures throughout the day
      D. Lots of sunlight and high peak temperatures
      Correct Answer: D. Lots of sunlight and high peak temperatures
      Explanation: The weather conditions associated with high ozone levels include abundant sunlight and high peak temperatures. It does not mention cloudy skies, strong winds, or low temperatures as contributing factors to high ozone levels. source
    20. What is the primary responsibility of the Commissioner of Railway Safety (CRS)?
      A. Ensuring passenger comfort during train travel
      B. Investigating serious train accidents
      C. Managing railway infrastructure projects
      D. Overseeing ticketing and reservation systems
      Correct Answer: B. Investigating serious train accidents
      Explanation: The investigating serious train accidents is one of the key responsibilities of the CRS.
      source
    21. What is the Higgs boson?
      A. A type of force-carrying particle
      B. A type of fermion
      C. A type of energy field
      D. A type of quark
      Correct Answer: A. A type of force-carrying particle
      Explanation: The Higgs boson is a type of force-carrying subatomic particle, as mentioned in the essay.
      source
    22. Which subject area was newly introduced in the India Rankings 2023?
      A. Architecture and Planning
      B. Agriculture & Allied Sectors
      C. Innovation
      D. Management
      Correct Answer: B. Agriculture & Allied Sectors
      Explanation: The 2023 edition introduced a new subject, namely Agriculture & Allied Sectors.
      source
    23. What sectors offer potential areas for further collaboration between India and Suriname?
      A. Energy, manufacturing, and telecommunications
      B. Pharmaceuticals, Ayurveda, agriculture, and defense
      C. Tourism, finance, and environmental conservation
      D. Education, transportation, and infrastructure development
      Correct Answer: B. Pharmaceuticals, Ayurveda, agriculture, and defense
      Explanation: There is scope for further collaboration in sectors such as pharmaceuticals, Ayurveda, agriculture, and defense between India and Suriname.
      source
    24. What were the key government measures that helped boost chana production in India?
      A. Reduction in import duty
      B. Incentivizing farmers to expand chana cultivation
      C. Implementation of import quotas
      D. Introduction of price subsidies
      Correct Answer: B. Incentivizing farmers to expand chana cultivation
      Explanation: The government incentivized Indian farmers to increase the area under pulses crop, including chana, during the rabi season.
      source
    25. What is the aim of using simplified language in the Draft Aircraft Bill, 2023?
      A. To confuse citizens regarding aviation laws
      B. To empower citizens with knowledge about aviation laws
      C. To increase compliance with regulations
      D. To hinder transparency in the regulatory process
      Correct Answer: B. To empower citizens with knowledge about aviation laws
      Explanation: The Draft Aircraft Bill, 2023, emphasizes the use of simplified language in presenting regulatory provisions. This step fosters transparency, empowers citizens with knowledge about aviation laws, and encourages greater compliance.
      source
    26. Which global initiative aims to reduce the use of problematic plastics?
      A. Greenpeace
      B. Clean Seas Campaign
      C. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
      D. GloLitter Partnerships
      Correct Answer: B. Clean Seas Campaign
      Explanation: The Clean Seas Campaign was launched to galvanize a global movement in reducing the use of unnecessary and problematic plastics, including single-use plastics. source
    27. What is the significance of the RRSK?
      A. Enhancing passenger comfort
      B. Ensuring timely train arrivals
      C. Consolidation of safety funds and centralized funding
      D. Expanding railway network infrastructure
      Correct Answer: C. Consolidation of safety funds and centralized funding
      Explanation: The RRSK has centralized the funding for railway safety projects by dissolving separate safety-related funds, leading to more efficient utilization of resources. source
    28. Where did Mahatma Gandhi establish his second camp in South Africa, where Satyagraha was molded into a weapon of protest?
      A. Johannesburg
      B. Phoenix Farm
      C. Pretoria
      D. Tolstoy Farm
      Correct Answer: D. Tolstoy Farm
      Explanation: It was at Tolstoy Farm where Gandhi further refined and developed the concept of Satyagraha as a peaceful resistance against injustices in South Africa.
      source
    29. How does fiber-optic internet transmit data?
      A. Through electric currents
      B. Through radio waves
      C. Through light pulses
      D. Through satellite signals
      Correct Answer: C. Through light pulses
      Explanation: Fiber-optic internet transmits data through pulses of laser or LED light down the optical fibers.
      source
    30. What was the primary objective of Operation Bluestar?
      A. To eliminate Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale from the Golden Temple complex and regain control over Harmandir Sahib.
      B. To establish an independent state for Sikhs.
      C. To capture suspects from the outskirts of Punjab.
      D. To promote dialogue and reconciliation among different communities in India.
      Correct Answer: A. To eliminate Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale from the Golden Temple complex and regain control over Harmandir Sahib. Explanation: Operation Bluestar specifically aimed to eliminate Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale and his followers from the Golden Temple complex in order to regain control over Harmandir Sahib. source
    31. What is the Act of Manual Scavenging defined as?
      A. Manual cleaning of septic tanks
      B. Handling human excreta in insanitary latrines
      C. Cleaning railway tracks
      D. Carrying and disposing of waste in open areas
      Correct Answer: B. Handling human excreta in insanitary latrines
      Explanation: The Act of Manual Scavenging refers to handling human excreta in insanitary latrines.
      source
    32. Which of the following is NOT one of the identified research areas under National Mission MAHIR?
      A. Carbon capture
      B. Solar energy optimization
      C. Solid state refrigeration
      D. Nano technology for EV battery
      Correct Answer: B. Solar energy optimization
      Explanation: The eight identified research areas, including carbon capture, solid-state refrigeration, and nano technology for EV battery, but it does not mention solar energy optimization.
      source
    33. Which organization proposed the Delhi Declaration on cybersecurity?
      A. United Nations
      B. World Health Organization
      C. National Cyber Security Coordinator of India
      D. International Monetary Fund
      Correct Answer: C. National Cyber Security Coordinator of India
      Explanation: The Delhi Declaration was proposed by India’s National Cyber Security Coordinator for G20 nations as a draft for enhancing global cybersecurity commitments.
      source
    34. Which organization was responsible for designing and developing Varunastra?
      A. Indian Navy
      B. Naval Science and Technological Laboratory
      C. Defence Research and Development Organisation
      D. Indian Naval Research Wing
      Correct Answer: B. Naval Science and Technological Laboratory
      Explanation: The essay states that Varunastra was designed and developed by the Naval Science and Technological Laboratory in Visakhapatnam under the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). This laboratory played a crucial role in the creation of this indigenous weapon system.
      source
    35. Which region heavily relied on the water supplied by the Kakhovka Dam?
      A. Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant
      B. Smolensk, Russia
      C. Volga River
      D. Odessa, Ukraine
      Correct Answer: A. Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant
      Explanation: The Kakhovka Dam supplied water to the Crimean Peninsula and the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant. source
    36. Which component of the Earth’s climate system is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of rising sea levels?
      A. Atmosphere.
      B. Land.
      C. Cryosphere.
      D. Biosphere.
      Correct Answer: B. Land.
      Explanation: The rising sea levels primarily impact coastal areas, which are part of the Earth’s land component. source
    37. What is the purpose of the pandemic accord?
      A. To develop international trade agreements
      B. To address climate change issues
      C. To prevent and respond to pandemics and health emergencies
      D. To establish rules for international travel
      Correct Answer: C. To prevent and respond to pandemics and health emergencies
      Explanation: The pandemic accord aims to define rules and norms for better pandemic prevention and response.
      source
    38. Which organization was highlighted for cooperation with the Quad?
      A. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
      B. European Union (EU).
      C. United Nations (UN).
      D. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
      Correct Answer: A. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
      Explanation: A special focus on cooperation with ASEAN, along with the Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) and the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA). source
    39. What role does Meta play in the Amrit Generation campaign?
      A. Providing financial support to participants
      B. Offering mentorship to the youth
      C. Creating immersive technologies
      D. Promoting social media influencers
      Correct Answer: C. Creating immersive technologies
      Explanation: The Meta, the technology company, supports the campaign by moving beyond 2D screens and exploring immersive experiences like augmented and virtual reality to revolutionize social technology.
      source
    40. What is the concept of spatial computing?
      A. It integrates digital information into the physical world.
      B. It enables eye, voice, and hand interaction with virtual content.
      C. It revolutionizes the gaming and entertainment industries.
      D. It collects data through sensors for product design.
      Correct Answer: A. It integrates digital information into the physical world.
      Explanation: spatial computing as a concept that allows seamless interaction between machines or humans and their surrounding three-dimensional environment by integrating augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and mixed reality (MR) technologies. source
    41. What does Article 5 of NATO entail?
      A. Collective defense against potential attacks
      B. Formation of NATO’s military alliance
      C. Admission criteria for NATO membership
      D. Requirement for democratic governance
      Correct Answer: A. Collective defense against potential attacks
      Explanation: Article 5 of NATO states that an attack on one member is considered an attack on all members, emphasizing the alliance’s commitment to collective defense and mutual protection. source
    42. Which group focuses on preventing the development of chemical or biological weapons?
      A. Wassenaar Arrangement
      B. Nuclear Suppliers Group
      C. Australia Group
      D. Missile Technology Control Regime
      Correct Answer: C. Australia Group
      Explanation: The Australia Group seeks to ensure that exports do not contribute to the development of chemical or biological weapons. It focuses on controlling the export of goods and technologies that could be misused for such purposes. source
    43. What is one of the challenges ahead of COP28 ?
      A. Achieving equitable burden-sharing among countries
      B. Defining supervisory bodies’ responsibilities
      C. Balancing energy security and renewable energy goals
      D. Implementing emission avoidance activities
      Correct Answer: A. Achieving equitable burden-sharing among countries
      Explanation: Achieving equity in climate action and burden-sharing among countries is a persistent challenge.
      source
    44. What is the purpose of the Global Stocktake (GST)?
      A. To assess progress in fighting climate change and bridge the adequacy gap.
      B. To allocate financial resources for climate action worldwide.
      C. To determine individual country’s climate targets.
      D. To promote technological advancements in greenhouse gas emissions reduction.
      Correct Answer: A. To assess progress in fighting climate change and bridge the adequacy gap.
      Explanation: The purpose of the Global Stocktake (GST) is to assess progress in fighting climate change and bridge the adequacy gap by evaluating various aspects such as emissions reduction, adaptation measures, finance, and technology availability. source
    45. What is the significance of the economic security framework proposed in the Atlantic Declaration?
      A. Ensuring fair trade practices
      B. Encouraging global disarmament
      C. Strengthening economic ties between nations
      D. Promoting cultural diversity
      Correct Answer: C. Strengthening economic ties between nations
      Explanation: The economic security framework aims to strengthen economic ties by addressing threats, ensuring fair practices, and coordinating responses to economic disruptions.
      source
    46. What does NExT aim to replace?
      A. Final-year MBBS examination
      B. NEET-PG
      C. Both final-year MBBS examination and NEET-PG
      D. National Medical Commission (NMC)
      Correct Answer: C. Both final-year MBBS examination and NEET-PG
      Explanation: The NExT is set to replace both the final-year MBBS examination and the NEET-PG, streamlining the evaluation process for medical graduates. source
    47. What role do atmospheric bridges and tunnels play in monsoon dynamics?
      A. Connect remote oceanic regions
      B. Impact the formation of cyclones
      C. Enhance the intensity of monsoons
      D. None of the above
      Correct Answer: A. Connect remote oceanic regions
      Explanation: Atmospheric bridges and oceanic tunnels connect distant regions, allowing interactions between different oceanic areas. These connections have an impact on monsoon dynamics and contribute to the overall influence of global warming on the monsoons. source
    48. What was the primary purpose of the Agni Prime ballistic missile?
      A. To replace the Agni-II missile
      B. To strengthen India’s defense against China and Pakistan
      C. To provide advanced navigation and guidance systems
      D. To enhance the operational flexibility of missile storage
      Correct Answer: B. To strengthen India’s defense against China and Pakistan
      Explanation: The Agni Prime missile’s primary purpose is to enhance India’s defense capabilities against potential threats from both China and Pakistan.
      source
    49. Which country does Serbia NOT share its borders with?
      A. Romania.
      B. Montenegro.
      C. Albania.
      D. Hungary.
      Correct Answer: C. Albania.
      Explanation: The Serbia shares its borders with Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, Bosnia, Croatia, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria.
      source
    50. What is the primary cause of El Niño?
      A. Ocean currents
      B. Trade winds
      C. Solar radiation
      D. Volcanic activity
      Correct Answer: B. Trade winds
      Explanation: El Niño occurs when the trade winds weaken or reverse, allowing warm water masses to move into the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. source
    51. Which wolf subspecies is found in India?
      A. Arctic wolf
      B. Red wolf
      C. Indian wolf
      D. Gray wolf
      Correct Answer: C. Indian wolf
      Explanation: The Indian wolf (Canis lupus pallipes) as the subspecies found in India.
      source
    52. What is the main advantage of utilizing eDNA analysis from air quality control stations for biodiversity monitoring?
      A. It allows direct observation of organisms in the environment.
      B. It provides insights into historical air pollution levels.
      C. It expands the scope of biodiversity tracking at a larger scale.
      D. It eliminates the need for field surveys and data collection.
      Correct Answer: C. It expands the scope of biodiversity tracking at a larger scale.
      Explanation: eDNA analysis from air quality control stations enables biodiversity assessment on a broader scale, aiding in the detection of species declines, ecosystem changes, and overall biodiversity trends. source

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