1. What is the primary role of the Governor in the Indian political system?
    A. Legislative decision-making
    B. Judicial review
    C. Executive head of the state
    D. International diplomacy
    Correct Answer: C. Executive head of the state
    Explanation: The Governor serves as the executive head of a state, assuming responsibilities similar to those of the President of India.
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  2. Which type of regulations did the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Finance propose to curb anti-competitive practices?
    A. Ex-post regulations
    B. Ex-ante regulations
    C. Reactive regulations
    D. Post-ante regulations
    Correct Answer: B. Ex-ante regulations
    Explanation: The essay mentions that the committee recommended implementing ex-ante regulations, which require companies to adhere to certain standards of behavior before any breaches occur, as a means to tackle anti-competitive practices.
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  3. What is the primary focus of Mission Poshan 2.0?
    A. Access to improved toilets in households
    B. Eliminating food insecurity in India
    C. Promoting exclusive breastfeeding
    D. Reducing non-communicable diseases
    Correct Answer: B. Eliminating food insecurity in India
    Explanation: Mission Poshan 2.0, the flagship program dedicated to maternal and child nutrition, is targeting the Sustainable Development Goal of “zero hunger” and focuses on food-based initiatives. Its primary objective is to eliminate food insecurity in India and ensure access to safe, nutritious, and sufficient food for all.
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  4. Which operation aimed to regain control of the heights commanding the Siachen glacier?
    A. Operation Meghdoot
    B. Operation Vijay
    C. Operation Cactus
    D. Operation Poomalai
    Correct Answer: A. Operation Meghdoot
    Explanation: Operation Meghdoot was the military operation conducted by the Indian Air Force to regain control of the heights commanding the Siachen glacier. The operation aimed to secure this strategic region and prevent any unauthorized incursions.
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  5. Which key demand for reforming the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) ?
    A. Reducing the number of permanent members
    B. Expanding the use of veto power
    C. Ensuring regional representation
    D. Increasing the size of the General Assembly
    Correct Answer: C. Ensuring regional representation
    Explanation: one of the key issues for UN reform is addressing regional representation within the UNSC.
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  6. What is the primary objective of the Aadhaar-Enabled Payment System (AePS)?
    A. Simplifying fund transfers
    B. Enhancing cybersecurity measures
    C. Eliminating the need for biometric authentication
    D. Reducing reliance on Aadhaar number
    Correct Answer: A. Simplifying fund transfers
    Explanation: The Aadhaar-Enabled Payment System (AePS) streamlines fund transfers by using Aadhaar authentication, eliminating the need for OTPs and bank account details. This simplifies the process of financial transactions for users.
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  7. What is the significance of non-kinetic warfare?
    A. Enhancing conventional military capabilities
    B. Reducing the need for advanced technology in the defence sector
    C. Highlighting vulnerabilities in global connectivity
    D. Restricting the use of cutting-edge technologies in civilian applications
    Correct Answer: C. Highlighting vulnerabilities in global connectivity
    Explanation: The increasing global connectivity presents vulnerabilities that can be exploited for influencing, coordinating, and radicalizing individuals across countries, posing significant national security risks. source
  8. What is the main concern for Goa regarding Karnataka’s plan to construct the Kalasa Bhandura canal?
    A. Environmental impact
    B. Economic losses
    C. Water scarcity
    D. Inter-state relations
    Correct Answer: C. Water scarcity
    Explanation: Goa is concerned about the diversion of water from the upper reaches of the Mhadei River, which could potentially lead to reduced water flow and water scarcity in the Mandovi River, impacting Goa’s water needs. source
  9. Which organization operates the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO)?
    A. NASA
    B. European Space Agency (ESA)
    C. U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF)
    D. International Astronomical Union (IAU)
    Correct Answer: C. U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF)
    Explanation: The LIGO observatories are funded and operated by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) to conduct gravitational wave research. source
  10. How does the improved relationship between Japan and South Korea impact the United States?
    A. It creates economic opportunities for U.S. companies in East Asia.
    B. It enhances the security cooperation against China’s rise.
    C. It helps resolve North Korea’s nuclear and missile threats.
    D. It strengthens the trilateral alliance between Japan, South Korea, and the U.S.
    Correct Answer: D. It strengthens the trilateral alliance between Japan, South Korea, and the U.S.
    Explanation: Improved relations between Japan and South Korea align with the United States’ Indo-Pacific strategy and the goal of presenting a unified front against China’s rise and North Korea’s threats.
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  11. Which initiative does the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) form a part of?
    A. Belt and Road Initiative
    B. Indo-Pacific Strategy
    C. Shanghai Cooperation Organization
    D. South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
    Correct Answer: A. Belt and Road Initiative
    Explanation: The CPEC is part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative, which aims to enhance trade and connectivity infrastructure between Central Asian, European, and South Asian markets.
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  12. Which sector presents a promising opportunity for India within the SCO?
    A. Energy and natural resources.
    B. Information technology and software development.
    C. Automotive manufacturing.
    D. Textile and apparel industry.
    Correct Answer: A. Energy and natural resources.
    Explanation: India sees potential in sectors such as energy (oil, natural gas) and natural resources (uranium, iron ore, etc.) for trade and collaboration within the SCO.
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  13. Which regional grouping does India not participate in, despite having a free trade agreement with its member nations?
    A. Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP).
    B. Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD).
    C. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
    D. Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO).
    Correct Answer: A. Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP).
    Explanation: While India has a free trade agreement with ASEAN, it chose not to join the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), which includes 15 East Asian and Pacific nations, including ASEAN members, Australia, New Zealand, and China.
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  14. why is the development of a dengue vaccine considered urgent?
    A. There is a high incidence of dengue worldwide.
    B. Dengue is classified as a top global health threat by WHO.
    C. Current treatment options for dengue are limited.
    D. Both A and B are correct.
    Correct Answer: D. Both A and B are correct.
    Explanation: The global incidence of dengue has dramatically increased, and the World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized dengue as one of the top ten global health threats. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop effective vaccines to combat the growing impact of dengue.
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  15. What is the primary activity time of Gekko mizoramensis?
    A. Diurnal
    B. Nocturnal
    C. Crepuscular
    D. Both diurnal and nocturnal
    Correct Answer: B. Nocturnal
    Explanation: The essay states that Gekko mizoramensis is primarily active at night, indicating its nocturnal nature.
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  16. What is the purpose of the Sanchar Saathi portal?
    A. Ensuring safety and security of the environment
    B. Ensuring safety and security of the users
    C. Ensuring efficient communication infrastructure
    D. Ensuring high-speed internet connectivity
    Correct Answer: B. Ensuring safety and security of the users
    Explanation: The Sanchar Saathi portal was launched with the aim of ensuring the safety and security of the users, as mentioned in the essay. source
  17. What are the risks associated with greenwashing?
    A. Increased consumer trust and confidence
    B. Positive environmental impact
    C. Reputational damage and financial losses for investors
    D. Facilitating regulatory enforcement and compliance
    Correct Answer: C. Reputational damage and financial losses for investors
    Explanation: The greenwashing can pose risks to investors by misrepresenting the sustainability and environmental performance of companies, which can lead to reputational damage, financial losses, and legal liabilities. source
  18. What role does DPI play during crises like the COVID-19 pandemic?
    A. Ensuring privacy-respecting digital access
    B. Supporting vulnerable populations and continuity of services
    C. Fostering economic growth and innovation
    D. Establishing common standards for interoperability
    Correct Answer: B. Supporting vulnerable populations and continuity of services
    Explanation: The DPI plays a crucial role in providing support to vulnerable populations and ensuring the continuity of services, especially during crises like the COVID-19 pandemic.
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  19. What is the primary advantage of nuclear power compared to other energy sources?
    A. Higher energy density
    B. Lower construction costs
    C. Lesser environmental impact
    D. More abundant fuel supply
  20. What is the primary objective of India’s PLI scheme for IT hardware?
    A. Encouraging import substitution
    B. Accelerating domestic manufacturing
    C. Fostering global demand
    D. Attracting foreign investments
    Correct Answer: B. Accelerating domestic manufacturing
    Explanation: The PLI scheme aims to boost the production of IT hardware domestically and reduce dependence on imports. source
  21. What is one of the challenges faced by gig workers in the gig economy?
    A. Lack of job opportunities
    B. Limited access to digital technology
    C. Fixed working hours
    D. Guaranteed income security
    Correct Answer: B. Limited access to digital technology
    Explanation: Gig work is largely an urban phenomenon due to the requirement of internet access and digital technology.
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  22. Which alternative reference rate has been recommended by the U.S. Federal Reserve as a substitute for LIBOR?
    A. LIBID
    B. SOFR
    C. EURIBOR
    D. TIBOR
    Correct Answer: B. SOFR
    Explanation: The U.S. Federal Reserve introduced SOFR as a preferred alternative to LIBOR. source
  23. Why might the process of returning global temperatures to normal levels take thousands of years?
    A. Lack of scientific knowledge
    B. Ozone depletion
    C. High concentration of greenhouse gases
    D. Natural climate patterns
    Correct Answer: C. High concentration of greenhouse gases
    Explanation: The our atmosphere already contains a high concentration of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, which have a long-lasting impact on the Earth’s climate system. As a result, the process of returning to normal levels could take thousands of years. source
  24. What is cross-border insolvency?
    A) Insolvency occurring within a single country
    B) Insolvency involving multiple debtors in different countries
    C) Insolvency involving a debtor and creditors in multiple countries
    D) Insolvency occurring only in the real estate sector
    Correct Answer: C) Insolvency involving a debtor and creditors in multiple countries
    Explanation: Cross-border insolvency refers to situations where a debtor facing financial difficulties has assets and creditors in multiple countries. It involves navigating the complexities of handling the debtor’s assets and distributing them among creditors based on priority across different jurisdictions.
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  25. What did the Supreme Court observe regarding the Amendment Act and Rules on Jallikattu?
    A. The Amendment Act allows for unlimited cruelty to animals
    B. The Amendment Act addresses the mischiefs prevalent before the legislation
    C. The Amendment Act has no relevance to Jallikattu
    D. The Amendment Act contradicts constitutional provisions
    Correct Answer: B. The Amendment Act addresses the mischiefs prevalent before the legislation
    Explanation: The Supreme Court observed that the 2017 Amendment Act and Rules on Jallikattu address the mischiefs and cruelty that existed before the legislation was enacted, indicating that it aims to protect the welfare of the animals involved in Jallikattu.
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  26. Which module of the Chandrayaan-3 Mission is responsible for carrying the lander and rover configuration to a lunar orbit?
    A. Propulsion module
    B. Lander module
    C. Rover module
    D. Spectro-polarimetry module
    Correct Answer: A. Propulsion module
    Explanation: The propulsion module carries the lander and rover configuration to a lunar orbit of 100 km. source
  27. What is the role of forests in climate change mitigation?
    A. Forests contribute to a reduction in carbon emissions.
    B. Forests exacerbate climate change by releasing greenhouse gases.
    C. Forests have no significant impact on climate change.
    D. Forests only play a role in climate change adaptation.
    Correct Answer: A. Forests contribute to a reduction in carbon emissions.
    Explanation: The forests have immense potential in reducing emissions and can contribute to a reduction of five gigatonnes of emissions.
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  28. What advantage do gas pipelines have over liquefied natural gas (LNG) for long-distance transportation?
    A. Lower costs associated with regasification
    B. More availability of gas reserves
    C. Higher transportation capacity
    D. Reduced volatility in prices
    Correct Answer: A. Lower costs associated with regasification
    Explanation: The gas pipelines are more cost-competitive than LNG for distances up to 2,500-3,000 km due to the high costs associated with gas liquefaction, transportation, and regasification. source
  29. What is the purpose of ASTR, the facial recognition tool developed by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT)?
    A. To enhance mobile connectivity
    B. To detect and block fraudulent mobile connections
    C. To improve internet speed
    D. To develop new telecom infrastructure
    Correct Answer: B. To detect and block fraudulent mobile connections
    Explanation: ASTR is developed to combat cyber fraud by detecting and blocking potential fraudulent mobile connections.
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  30. What is the main cause of thawing permafrost in the Arctic?
    A. Natural geological processes
    B. Industrial activities
    C. Melting glaciers
    D. Volcanic eruptions
    Correct Answer: B. Industrial activities
    Explanation: The industrial sites, including oilfields, pipelines, mines, and military bases, are built on permafrost in the Arctic. Thawing permafrost is a consequence of global warming exacerbated by human industrial activities.
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  31. What status will the green hydrogen manufacturing sector in Gujarat be given?
    A. Emerging sector
    B. Secondary sector
    C. Tertiary sector
    D. Priority sector
  32. What is one potential drawback of using generative AI in highly-regulated sectors?
    A. Inaccuracies in AI tools
    B. Increased job opportunities
    C. Enhanced data security
    D. Streamlined workflows
    Correct Answer: A. Inaccuracies in AI tools
    Explanation: In highly-regulated sectors, the use of generative AI can be cautious due to the presence of inaccuracies in tools like ChatGPT, Bing, and Bard. source
  33. What is the primary route of exposure to elevated levels of arsenic?
    A. Inhalation of air pollutants
    B. Skin contact with contaminated soil
    C. Consumption of contaminated water and food
    D. Occupational exposure in industrial settings
    Correct Answer: C. Consumption of contaminated water and food
    Explanation: The essay mentions that people are exposed to elevated levels of inorganic arsenic through drinking contaminated water and using it in food preparation, along with consuming contaminated food. source
  34. How have rising global temperatures contributed to extreme weather events?
    A. By reducing the frequency of heatwaves and droughts.
    B. By increasing rainfall and preventing floods.
    C. By intensifying heatwaves, floods, and storms.
    D. By stabilizing weather patterns and reducing storms.
    Correct Answer: C. By intensifying heatwaves, floods, and storms.
    Explanation: The rising global temperatures have contributed to more frequent and severe extreme weather events worldwide, including heatwaves, floods, droughts, wildfires, and storms.
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  35. What advantage does India have in biomanufacturing?
    A. Advanced biotechnology innovation ecosystems
    B. Skilled manpower and potential for affordable scalability
    C. Significant funding capabilities
    D. Intellectual property
    Correct Answer: B. Skilled manpower and potential for affordable scalability
    Explanation: India has a skilled manpower pool and the potential to provide affordable scalability in biomanufacturing.
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  36. How did the Tamil Nadu government respond to the ban on Jallikattu?
    A. It abolished the traditional practice of Jallikattu.
    B. It introduced stricter regulations to ensure the safety of participants and animals.
    C. It filed a petition to reverse the Supreme Court’s decision.
    D. It passed an amendment to the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, allowing the continuation of Jallikattu.
    Correct Answer: D. It passed an amendment to the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, allowing the continuation of Jallikattu.
    Explanation: The State government amended the central Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960, in its application to the State and obtained the President’s assent to re-open the gates for the sport.
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  37. What is the main challenge posed by non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in recent years?
    A. Declining prevalence
    B. Limited impact on mortality
    C. Slow progress in prevention
    D. Inadequate healthcare infrastructure
    Correct Answer: C. Slow progress in prevention
    Explanation: The progress in addressing NCDs has worsened since 2015, highlighting the challenge of slow progress in prevention and control measures.
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  38. What is the primary purpose of genome sequencing?
    A. To determine the genetic diversity within a population
    B. To identify genetic variations associated with diseases
    C. To compare newly sequenced genomes with a reference map
    D. To understand the functioning of individual chromosomes
    Correct Answer: B. To identify genetic variations associated with diseases
    Explanation: Genome sequencing helps researchers identify specific genetic variations that may contribute to the development of certain diseases or health conditions. source
  39. What is the main objective of the FAME II scheme?
    A. Encouraging the adoption of electric three-wheelers
    B. Promoting the purchase of electric cars
    C. Supporting the deployment of e-buses
    D. All of the above
    Correct Answer: D. All of the above
    Explanation: The main objective of the FAME II scheme is to boost the demand for various electric vehicles, including electric three-wheelers, electric cars, and e-buses. It aims to promote sustainable transportation options in India.
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  40. What is the sectoral composition of the Indian economy that contributes to lower carbon emissions?
    A. Agriculture and allied sector
    B. Manufacturing sector
    C. Services sector
    D. Energy sector
    Correct Answer: C. Services sector
    Explanation: The India’s economy has shifted from the agriculture and allied sector to the services sector, which is considered emission-light, resulting in relatively lower carbon emissions. source
  41. Which organization consists of the world’s most industrialized and developed economies?
    A. G20
    B. G7
    C. BRICS
    D. ASEAN
    Correct Answer: B. G7
    Explanation: The G7 is an intergovernmental organization that includes countries such as France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, the United States of America, Canada, and Japan. It represents the world’s most industrialized and developed economies.
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  42. What are the challenges to the implementation of the NSTC?
    A. Financial issues and geopolitical tensions.
    B. Language barriers and cultural differences.
    C. Lack of infrastructure and technological advancements.
    D. Climate change and environmental concerns.
    Correct Answer: A. Financial issues and geopolitical tensions.
    Explanation: The financial issues have delayed the construction of the Rasht-Astara railway, and geopolitical tensions between Iran and Azerbaijan pose additional challenges to the project.
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  43. What is UPI?
    A. A leading provider of financial messaging services
    B. A real-time payment system in India
    C. A global forum for financial cooperation
    D. A digital stack for secure transactions

    Correct Answer: B. A real-time payment system in India
    Explanation: The essay mentions that UPI is an indigenously developed real-time payment system in India, facilitating instant and seamless fund transfers between two bank accounts through a single mobile application.
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