1. What key change did the Consumer Protection Act (CPA) 2019 introduce?
    A) Reduced penalties for manufacturers
    B) Expanded the definition of ‘consumer’ to include online and electronic services
    C) Exempted doctors and lawyers from the Act
    D) Limited dispute resolution to physical complaints only
    Correct Answer: B) Expanded the definition of ‘consumer’ to include online and electronic services
    Explanation: The CPA 2019 broadened the definition of ‘consumer’ to include those purchasing goods and services online, reflecting the growing influence of e-commerce.
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  2. Which of the following tools is developed by DeepMind to predict protein structures?
    A. RoseTTAFold
    B. AlphaFold 3
    C. DrugNet
    D. ProteoNet
    Correct Answer: B. AlphaFold 3
    Explanation: AlphaFold 3 is developed by DeepMind, a Google-owned company, to predict the three-dimensional structures of proteins using deep neural networks.
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  3. Which space agencies are involved in the LUPEX mission?
    A. ISRO and NASA only
    B. ISRO, JAXA, NASA, and ESA
    C. NASA and ESA only
    D. JAXA and ESA only
    Correct Answer: B. ISRO, JAXA, NASA, and ESA
    Explanation: LUPEX is a collaboration between India’s ISRO, Japan’s JAXA, and includes contributions from NASA and ESA to enhance the mission’s scientific potential.
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  4. What is the main objective of the NCBC’s recommendation to increase the OBC reservation in Punjab and West Bengal?
    A. To reduce the total reservation in both states
    B. To enhance social and educational equity for OBC communities
    C. To decrease the number of government jobs for OBCs
    D. To support Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes only
    Correct Answer: B. To enhance social and educational equity for OBC communities
    Explanation: The NCBC’s recommendation aims to provide greater opportunities for OBC communities in government jobs, promoting social and educational equity.
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  5. What technological tools will PREFIRE use to collect data?
    A. High-altitude drones
    B. CubeSats (small satellites)
    C. Submarine sensors
    D. Ground-based weather stations
    Correct Answer: B. CubeSats (small satellites)
    Explanation: PREFIRE uses CubeSats, small satellites that work together to measure far-infrared radiation emitted by the polar regions. These CubeSats are equipped with specialized instruments to capture data about heat emissions from the Earth’s surface.
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  6. What type of star does SPECULOOS-3 b orbit?
    A. White dwarf
    B. Red dwarf
    C. Blue giant
    D. Yellow main-sequence star
    Correct Answer: B. Red dwarf
    Explanation: SPECULOOS-3 b orbits an ultra-cool red dwarf star, which is much smaller and cooler than our Sun. These stars are the smallest of the main sequence stars.
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  7. What are giant viruses also known as?
    A. Bacteria
    B. Girus
    C. Microorganisms
    D. Protozoa
    Correct Answer: B. Girus
    Explanation: Giant viruses are also referred to as “girus,” which distinguishes them from typical, smaller viruses. They belong to a unique group of viruses known as the *Nucleocytoviricota* phylum.
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  8. Which Indian aircraft is similar to the F-16 Fighting Falcon?
    A. Sukhoi Su-30MKI
    B. HAL Tejas
    C. Mirage 2000
    D. Boeing F/A-18 Hornet
    Correct Answer: B. HAL Tejas
    Explanation: The HAL Tejas is a lightweight, multirole fighter developed by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) for the Indian Air Force, similar in agility and versatility to the F-16.
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  9. What is the primary purpose of the new regulations proposed by the Ministry of Consumer Affairs for radar speed guns?
    A. To reduce traffic accidents
    B. To improve fuel efficiency in vehicles
    C. To ensure the accuracy and reliability of speed measurement
    D. To limit the use of radar speed guns
    Correct Answer: C. To ensure the accuracy and reliability of speed measurement
    Explanation: The new regulations aim to improve the accuracy and reliability of radar speed guns for traffic enforcement and safety.
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  10. Which of the following AI systems is categorized under the “High-Risk” class in the AI Act?
    A. Social media content moderation tools
    B. Autonomous vehicles
    C. Customer service chatbots
    D. Emotion recognition software
    Correct Answer: B. Autonomous vehicles
    Explanation: High-Risk AI systems include applications like autonomous vehicles and medical devices, which can have a significant impact on human lives and require strict reviews and testing before deployment.
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  11. What is one of the key challenges of regulating digital markets mentioned by the Attorney General of India?
    A. The rapid rise of physical retail markets
    B. The global nature of digital platforms
    C. The absence of competition laws
    D. Limited access to internet technology
    Correct Answer: B. The global nature of digital platforms
    Explanation: One of the main challenges highlighted is that digital platforms operate across multiple countries, making it difficult for national regulators to address issues that impact consumers and businesses worldwide.
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  12. What is the main goal of Shallow Aquifer Management (SAM) in Telangana?
    A. To reduce urban population
    B. To manage and conserve surface water
    C. To address groundwater depletion and flooding
    D. To increase agricultural productivity
    Correct Answer: C. To address groundwater depletion and flooding
    Explanation: The main purpose of SAM in Telangana is to address the problems of groundwater depletion and urban flooding by recharging aquifers and managing water tables.
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  13. When did the BIMSTEC Charter come into force?
    A. May 20, 2023
    B. May 20, 2024
    C. June 1, 2024
    D. March 15, 2024
    Correct Answer: B. May 20, 2024
    Explanation: The BIMSTEC Charter officially came into force on May 20, 2024, marking a significant step forward for the organization.
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  14. Which of the following countries did NOT sign the Zero Debris Charter?
    A. Sweden
    B. Austria
    C. Japan
    D. Poland
    Correct Answer: C. Japan
    Explanation: Japan is not mentioned as one of the twelve signatory countries of the Zero Debris Charter. The essay includes countries like Sweden, Austria, and Poland, but Japan is not listed.
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  15. In which of the following industries could AI agents have promising applications?
    A. Retail and Construction
    B. Customer Service, Education, and Healthcare
    C. Entertainment and Gaming only
    D. Only in research and development
    Correct Answer: B. Customer Service, Education, and Healthcare
    Explanation: AI agents are particularly suited for industries like customer service, education, and healthcare, where personalized, context-aware interactions are essential for effective communication and problem-solving.
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  16. What is the primary purpose of AstroSat?
    A. To study meteorological phenomena on Earth
    B. To study celestial sources across multiple wavelengths
    C. To explore the surface of the Moon
    D. To monitor weather patterns in space
    Correct Answer: B. To study celestial sources across multiple wavelengths
    Explanation: AstroSat is designed to observe celestial sources in different wavelengths, including X-rays, UV, and optical light, making it a multi-wavelength observatory.
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