A pan-India study by scientists at the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) has found that background radiation levels in parts of Kerala are nearly three times more than what was previously assumed. The study focused on the level of ionizing radiation present in the environment which is not due to deliberate introduction of radiation sources.
What is background radiation?
Background radiation originates from a variety of sources, both natural and artificial. It includes radioactive radiations such as alpha, beta, and gamma. Radiation results from the disintegrating nucleus of an unstable element, which can be found anywhere, including inside our bodies and the constituents of matter. Gamma rays are a type of radiation that can pass unobstructed through matter. Although extremely energetic, they are harmless unless present in large concentrated doses.
Limitations on radiation exposure
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) specifies maximum radiation exposure levels, which have also been adopted by India’s atomic energy establishment. The public exposure should not exceed 1 milli-Sievert every year, while those who work in plants shouldn’t be exposed to over 30 milli-Sievert every year.
Current levels in Kerala
The present study found that the average natural background levels of gamma radiation in India were roughly 0.8 milli-sievert/year. However, this doesn’t necessarily mean that those in Kollam are being exposed to higher, dangerous levels of radiation.
Causes of background radiation in India
The higher radiation levels in Kollam (Kerala) are attributed to monazite sands that are high in thorium. In southern India, the presence of granite and basaltic volcanic rock has higher levels of radiation from uranium deposits.
About IAEA
- The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an intergovernmental organization.
- It seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy.
- The IAEA was established in 1957 as an autonomous organization within the United Nations system.
- The headquarters of the IAEA is located in Vienna, Austria.
- Following the ratification of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons in 1968, all non-nuclear powers are required to negotiate a safeguards agreement with the IAEA.
- Through these safeguards agreements, the IAEA is given the authority to monitor nuclear programs and to inspect nuclear facilities.
- In 2005, the IAEA and its administrative head were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
Why In News
According to the study conducted by the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), the higher-than-expected background radiation levels in some parts of Kerala could be attributed to the presence of thorium and its decay products in the soil.
MCQs on Background Radiation Levels in Kerala
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Which intergovernmental organization seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy?
A. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
B. United Nations (UN)
C. World Health Organization (WHO)
D. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
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When was the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) established?
A. 1945
B. 1957
C. 1968
D. 2005
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What is the purpose of the safeguards agreement with the IAEA?
A. To monitor nuclear programs and inspect nuclear facilities
B. To promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy
C. To establish maximum radiation exposure levels
D. To regulate the production and distribution of nuclear materials
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