Hindu Editorial Analysis : 21-October-2024

In India’s rapidly urbanizing cities, the need for a comprehensive transport solution is essential. A holistic approach can tackle the challenges of fragmented transport systems and create an integrated, user-friendly, and sustainable multimodal transport system. This system combines various modes of transport, such as buses, trains, bicycles, and pedestrian pathways, to ensure seamless travel across different options.

Understanding Multimodal Transport Systems

Multimodal transport is about creating a connected network that enhances the efficiency of public transport while promoting sustainable travel options. Here are the key aspects:

  • Integrated Public Transport: This includes buses, metros, and trains working together with a unified ticketing system and synchronized schedules.
  • Non-Motorized Transport (NMT): Development of safe walking paths and cycling lanes encourages people to use these eco-friendly options.
  • Last-Mile Connectivity: Solutions like feeder buses and bike-sharing programs help bridge the gap between transport stops and final destinations.
  • Smart Technology: Real-time data, mobile apps, and digital payments improve user experience and operational efficiency.

Current Transport Scenario in India

In India, public transport serves only 33% of travel needs in Tier I and II cities, while in Tier III cities, it drops to just 4%. Bus modal shares vary greatly, from as low as 3% in Surat to 43% in Bangalore. Ideally, cities with a population of 1 million should aim for a public transit share of 40–45%.

Benefits of Multimodal Transport Systems

Implementing multimodal transport systems brings several advantages:

  • Reduced Traffic Congestion: Efficient public transport alternatives can ease traffic and lead to faster, less stressful commutes.
  • Environmental Sustainability: Eco-friendly transport options, like electric buses, help lower carbon emissions, combating climate change.
  • Improved Accessibility: These systems ensure all areas, including underserved regions, have reliable transport, promoting social equity.
  • Economic Efficiency: Enhanced access to jobs and services can boost local economies and reduce costs related to traffic and pollution.

Challenges in Implementation

While the benefits are clear, several challenges exist:

  • Institutional Coordination: Fragmentation among agencies often leads to ineffective planning. Collaboration is crucial.
  • Financial Constraints: Significant investment is needed for infrastructure development, making financial sustainability a major hurdle.
  • Public Awareness and Acceptance: Changing perceptions about public transport requires effective communication and awareness campaigns.
  • Infrastructure Development: Building necessary infrastructure takes time and careful planning.

Government Initiatives

The Indian government supports multimodal transport through initiatives like:

  • Smart Cities Mission
  • Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT)
  • Green Urban Transport Scheme (GUTS)

Additionally, the PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan aims to improve connectivity by integrating infrastructure across various ministries.

Success Stories

Several cities have made strides in multimodal transport:

  • Mumbai: Expansion of the metro network and the development of multi-modal transport hubs (MMTH) enhance urban mobility.
  • Delhi: The Delhi Metro, combined with an extensive bus network and e-rickshaws, exemplifies successful integration.
  • Ahmedabad: The Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) effectively integrates various transport modes, offering reliable public transport.

Why In News

There is a need for a holistic approach essential to overcoming the challenges associated with fragmented transport systems and building an integrated, user-centric, and sustainable multimodal transport system in Indian cities.

MCQs about Building a Multimodal Transport System in India

  1. What is the primary goal of a multimodal transport system in Indian cities?
    A. To increase private vehicle ownership
    B. To create an integrated and user-centric transport network
    C. To eliminate public transport entirely
    D. To focus solely on road infrastructure
    Correct Answer: B. To create an integrated and user-centric transport network
    Explanation: The main objective of a multimodal transport system is to integrate various modes of transportation to enhance efficiency and provide a user-friendly experience for all residents.
  2. Which of the following is NOT a key component of multimodal transport systems?
    A. Integrated Public Transport
    B. Non-Motorized Transport (NMT)
    C. Exclusive reliance on personal cars
    D. Smart Technology
    Correct Answer: C. Exclusive reliance on personal cars
    Explanation: Multimodal transport aims to reduce reliance on personal cars by promoting public transport, walking, and cycling, making option C incorrect.
  3. What percentage of travel needs in Tier III cities is served by public transport according to the current scenario in India?
    A. 10%
    B. 33%
    C. 4%
    D. 75%
    Correct Answer: C. 4%
    Explanation: The public transport serves only 4% of travel needs in Tier III cities, highlighting the significant gap in transport accessibility in less urbanized areas.
  4. Which initiative aims to enhance multimodal connectivity across different ministries in India?
    A. Smart Cities Mission
    B. Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT)
    C. PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan
    D. National Urban Transport Policy (NUTP)
    Correct Answer: C. PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan
    Explanation: The PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan focuses on integrating infrastructure projects across various ministries to improve connectivity for goods and people, making it the correct choice.

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