Hindu Editorial Analysis : 31-July-2023
Mob lynching and mob violence have emerged as significant concerns in India, sparking a sense of insecurity among marginalized communities. The term “lynching” originated in the United States and has since been applied to extra-judicial killings by crowds, often targeted at specific groups. In India, the rise in incidents of mob violence is attributed to a combination of political, socio-economic, and psychological factors, along with the influence of social media. In response to these troubling trends, the Supreme Court has reminded the Union and several State governments of their duty to act and protect citizens from vigilantism. This essay explores the concept of mob lynching, the reasons behind its occurrence, the 2018 judgment, and government initiatives to combat these actions.
What is Mob Lynching?
Mob lynching involves a mob taking the law into its own hands, punishing and torturing a presumed offender without any legal trial. In severe cases, it can lead to murders, causing fear and insecurity among marginalized communities.
Origins of the Term “Lynching”:
The term “lynching” originated in the United States in the mid-18th century, when planter Charles Lynch used it to describe the extra-judicial authority assumed by private individuals. Over time, it became associated with extra-judicial killings, primarily targeting African-Americans in the late 19th century.
Reasons behind Mob Lynching:
- Combined Effect of Various Factors: A combination of political, socio-economic, and psychological factors has led to hyper-reactivity among large populations, especially in rural areas and small towns. The worsening crisis of agriculture and lack of employment opportunities have fueled discontent and anger among rural youth.
- Poor Law and Order: Mob lynchings often occur in remote areas or on highways where law and order are lax, making it difficult for timely police intervention.
- Role of Social Media: The proliferation of smartphones and cheap internet has made social media a platform for spreading rumors that incite mob violence.
- Religion-Based Violence: Lynchings have been carried out in the name of religion, with “cow vigilantes” perpetrating violence against Muslims and marginalized communities.
2018 Judgment – Tehseen S. Poonawalla Case:
In 2018, the Supreme Court emphasized the duty of the state to protect its citizens and prevent vigilantism. Guidelines were issued, including the designation of nodal officers in each district to tackle mob violence, sensitizing law enforcement officials, and warning the public about the consequences of engaging in such violence.
Government Initiatives to Combat Mob Lynching:
- Creation of Nodal Officers: The Central government advised states to appoint nodal officers in each district to prevent mob violence and lynching. These officers, at the superintendent of police level, work with other agencies to address such incidents.
- High-Level Committees: The Central government formed two high-level committees to suggest ways and a legal framework to deal effectively with mob violence.
- Awareness Generation: The government used audio-visual media to raise public awareness about the consequences of mob lynching and initiated measures to curb the spread of false news and rumors.
- Jharkhand’s Law: The Jharkhand Assembly passed the Prevention of Mob Violence and Mob Lynching Bill, aiming to protect constitutional rights and prevent mob violence based on various grounds.
Issues & Challenges:
Despite the 2018 judgment and government initiatives, mob violence, including cow vigilantism, continues to persist, especially in northern India. Social and economic boycotts of minority communities with political support remain problematic. The Supreme Court’s intervention is crucial in holding state agencies accountable for implementing the guidelines effectively.
Why In News
The Supreme Court’s recent stern reminder to the Union and multiple State governments emphasizes their “consistent failure” in addressing the critical issue of lynching and mob violence plaguing the country. In response to this serious concern, the Court has directed the Ministry of Home Affairs, along with Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, and Haryana, to promptly provide comprehensive responses outlining their proposed actions to combat this menace and safeguard the rule of law.
MCQs about Combating Mob Lynching
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What is the primary reason behind the rise of mob lynching in India?
A. Influence of social media and smartphones
B. Poor law and order in remote areas
C. Religion-based violence against minorities
D. Economic disparities in urban areas
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Which Supreme Court judgment emphasized the state’s duty to prevent vigilantism and mob violence?
A. Tehseen S. Poonawalla vs Union of India
B. Ramesh Kumar vs State of Bihar
C. Rajesh Sharma vs State of Rajasthan
D. Ravi Verma vs Central Government
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Which factor has NOT contributed to the rise of mob lynching in India?
A. Deep discontent among rural youth due to the agricultural crisis
B. Proliferation of smartphones and cheap internet
C. Strong law and order in rural areas
D. Lynchings based on religion and cow vigilantism
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