Daily Current Affairs : 18-April-2024
Scientists have made an interesting discovery in the world of algae. They identified a brand new organelle called the nitroplast, which can convert nitrogen gas into a form that cells can use for growth. This finding is essential as it changes our understanding of how nitrogen fixation works. Traditionally, it was believed that only bacteria and archaea were capable of this process.
What is a Nitroplast?
The nitroplast is an organelle found in the algae Braarudosphaera bigelowii. It is significant because it represents the first nitrogen-fixing organelle recognized in eukaryotes, which are organisms with complex cells. The discovery of the nitroplast is a breakthrough because:
- It challenges previous beliefs about nitrogen fixation.
- It shows that eukaryotic organisms can also fix nitrogen.
- It helps scientists understand the evolution of cellular structures.
Evolution of the Nitroplast
The nitroplast evolved from a long-standing symbiotic relationship between the algae and a specific bacterium called UCYN-A. This relationship began around 100 million years ago. Through this partnership, the algae gained the ability to convert nitrogen gas into a usable form, enhancing their growth and survival.
Characteristics of the Nitroplast
According to a study published in the journal Science, the nitroplast meets the criteria to be classified as an organelle. Here are some key features:
- Inheritance: The nitroplast is passed down through generations of algae.
- Dependency: It relies on proteins provided by the host algae to function properly.
Important Points:
Discovery: Scientists found a new organelle called the nitroplast in algae.Function: The nitroplast converts nitrogen gas into a usable form for cell growth.Challenge to Conventional Beliefs: This finding changes the belief that only bacteria and archaea can perform nitrogen fixation.Significance: The nitroplast is the first nitrogen-fixing organelle identified in eukaryotes (organisms with complex cells).Evolution: The nitroplast evolved from a symbiotic relationship between the algae (Braarudosphaera bigelowii) and the bacterium UCYN-A, starting around 100 million years ago.Characteristics of the Nitroplast:
- Inheritance: Passed down through generations of algae.
- Dependency: Relies on proteins from the host algae to function effectively.
Implications: The discovery may impact our understanding of nitrogen fixation and its role in ecosystems, agriculture, and environmental science.
Why In News
Scientists have discovered a new organelle, termed a nitroplast, within algae that can convert nitrogen gas into a form usable for cell growth, highlighting the remarkable adaptability of these organisms in nutrient-poor environments.
MCQs about Nitroplast
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What is the newly discovered organelle in algae called?
A. Chloroplast
B. Mitochondrion
C. Nitroplast
D. Ribosome
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What traditional belief does the discovery of the nitroplast challenge?
A. Only plants can photosynthesize.
B. Only bacteria and archaea can perform nitrogen fixation.
C. Eukaryotic cells do not have organelles.
D. Algae cannot adapt to nutrient-poor environments.
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How did the nitroplast evolve?
A. Through genetic mutations in algae.
B. From a symbiotic relationship between algae and a bacterium.
C. By absorbing nitrogen from the atmosphere.
D. Through artificial manipulation by scientists.
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What are the two key characteristics of the nitroplast mentioned in the essay?
A. Size and color
B. Inheritance and dependency
C. Shape and function
D. Age and location
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