Hindu Editorial Analysis : 13-October-2023
India’s economy is on a rapid growth trajectory, set to surpass major global players like Germany and Japan. This economic surge naturally fuels an increased demand for energy, making India the third-largest consumer of primary energy worldwide. However, this demand is predominantly met through fossil fuels, contributing significantly to global warming, a crisis humanity can no longer ignore.
The Challenge of Achieving Net Zero
The urgent need to combat climate change necessitates a shift towards net zero emissions. Achieving this target demands a monumental transformation in energy systems, encompassing technological innovations and substantial investments. For India, a vast and developing nation, this challenge is particularly daunting.
Nuclear Energy as a Viable Solution
In the pursuit of cleaner energy alternatives, India must consider nuclear power as a key solution. While renewable sources like hydroelectric power play a role, the sheer scale of India’s energy needs requires a substantial increase in nuclear energy production.
Advantages of Nuclear Power
Nuclear Efficiency:
- Higher energy density requires less fuel, making it more efficient than coal or natural gas-based power plants.
- Suitable for space missions due to its compact nature.
Coexistence with Other Sources:
- Provides firm, dispatchable power, complementing intermittent wind and solar energy sources.
Lower Emissions:
- Saves 41 million tonnes of CO2 emissions annually compared to coal-based thermal power generation.
- Reduces the environmental impact by minimizing ash waste and heavy metal pollution in water sources.
Challenges and Concerns
Nuclear Plant Construction:
- High capital costs, regulatory hurdles, and construction delays deter stakeholders from investing in nuclear power plants.
Environmental Impact:
- Uranium mining and the production of batteries for reactors have environmental consequences.
Radioactive Waste Management:
- While nuclear energy generation produces no emissions, radioactive waste disposal poses environmental risks and necessitates secure storage facilities.
Safety Concerns:
- Public resistance driven by fears of accidents, nuclear proliferation, and safety concerns hampers the adoption of nuclear energy.
Suggested Strategies for India
National Strategy:
- Develop a comprehensive national strategy for the rapid expansion of nuclear energy, addressing challenges and maximizing benefits.
Indigenous Small Modular Reactors (SMRs):
- Build indigenous SMRs at sites vacated by retiring coal plants, involving industrial partners for efficient deployment.
High-Temperature Reactors for Hydrogen Production:
- Develop high-temperature reactors for direct hydrogen production, reducing reliance on excessive electrification and promoting green hydrogen production.
Speeding Up Nuclear Programs:
- Accelerate the development of second and third-stage nuclear power programs to harness thorium energy potential, aligning with long-term sustainable energy plans.
Global Cooperation on Climate Change:
- Initiate international cooperation efforts, particularly among emerging economies, to deploy new nuclear-energy capacity on a global scale. India should lead by example, piloting major international collaborations to address the pressing challenges of climate change.
Why In News
India’s emerging economy demands rapid deployment of new nuclear-energy capacity to meet the increasing energy demands sustainably, ensuring a reliable and clean power supply for its growing population and industries.
MCQs about Embracing Nuclear Power for a Sustainable Future
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Which environmental advantage does nuclear power have over coal-based thermal power plants?
A. Higher efficiency
B. Reduced greenhouse gas emissions
C. Lower construction costs
D. Less water usage
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What strategy does the essay propose to accelerate the adoption of nuclear energy in India?
A. Increasing coal-based power production
B. Developing high-temperature reactors for hydrogen production
C. Encouraging solar energy projects
D. Limiting nuclear power plant construction
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Why does public resistance exist against nuclear energy adoption in many countries?
A. High capital costs
B. Fear of safety issues and accidents
C. Excessive water usage
D. Limited availability of uranium
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