Daily Current Affairs : 7-August-2023
India’s rich biodiversity has long captivated the attention of scientists and nature enthusiasts worldwide. Recently, the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) unveiled a remarkable discovery in the realm of ornithology. The publication “75 Endemic Birds of India,” released on the occasion of ZSI’s 108th foundation day, sheds light on a fascinating aspect of India’s avian diversity: its endemic bird species.
India’s Avian Abundance
India boasts a staggering diversity of avian inhabitants, with a whopping 1,353 bird species calling its varied landscapes home. This accounts for approximately 12.40% of the global bird population. Within this impressive array, a notable subset emerges – the endemic birds, those found exclusively within India’s boundaries.
Unveiling the Findings
The publication’s primary objective is to democratize knowledge about India’s unique endemic bird species. It serves as a beacon, illuminating conservation efforts aimed at safeguarding these species found only in specific locales. Among the 1,353 bird species, 78 (equivalent to 5%) are endemic to India.
A Glimpse into the Unknown
Within this niche group of endemic species, there lies an even more intriguing subset – species that have evaded scientific documentation for decades. A trio of avian enigmas emerges from the shadows:
- Manipur Bush Quail (Perdicula manipurensis): Once abundant, this species now carries the weight of “Endangered” status on the IUCN Red List, with its last confirmed sighting dating back to 1907.
- Himalayan Quail (Ophrysia superciliosa): Cloaked in “Critically Endangered” classification, this quail’s elusive existence was last recorded in 1876.
- Jerdon’s Courser (Rhinoptilus bitorquatus): Another “Critically Endangered” denizen, its whereabouts were last definitively established in 2009.
Diversity in Unity
The 75 endemic bird species are a diverse assembly, encompassing 11 distinct orders, 31 families, and 55 genera. Their distribution patterns weave a captivating tale across India’s tapestry of landscapes. The Western Ghats emerge as a hotspot, sheltering 28 of these remarkable species, each a testament to the region’s ecological richness.
A Glimpse of Avian Marvels
Among the exceptional residents of India’s bio-geographic treasure troves are several captivating species:
- The vibrant Malabar Grey Hornbill (Ocyceros griseus)
- The resplendent Malabar Parakeet (Psittacula columboides)
- The melodious Ashambu Laughing Thrush (Montecincla meridionalis)
- The striking White-bellied Sholakili (Sholicola albiventris)
Island Isolation: Andaman and Nicobar Endemism
The Andaman and Nicobar Islands form a unique cradle of endemism, nurturing 25 bird species found nowhere else. This phenomenon is attributed to the geographical isolation of these islands, enabling the evolution of distinct avian forms.
Intriguing Insights into Endemics
The publication delves beyond mere enumeration, providing valuable insights into these endemic species:
- Etymology: Unraveling the meanings of scientific names.
- Historical Significance: Tracing the avian threads in India’s narrative.
- Unique Traits: Distinguishing characteristics that set these birds apart.
- Preferred Habitats: Unveiling the landscapes these species call home.
- Breeding Habits: A glimpse into their reproductive journey.
- Culinary Preferences: Understanding the avian palate.
Exploring the Concept of Endemism
Endemism, a cornerstone of ecological understanding, refers to species confined to a specific geographical region. It is a testament to nature’s creative artistry, where evolution crafts distinct forms adapted to unique environments. Such species are a treasure trove, offering insights into both ecological processes and the delicate balance of ecosystems.
Celebrating India’s Endemic Avian Jewels
In the intricate tapestry of India’s biodiversity, endemic birds form a luminous thread, weaving tales of adaptation and survival. The Zoological Survey of India’s publication, “75 Endemic Birds of India,” beckons us to explore these feathered wonders, igniting our curiosity and passion for the preservation of Earth’s remarkable avian heritage.
Important Points:
Endemic Birds of India: A Unique Avian Treasure
- India’s rich biodiversity: 1,353 bird species (12.40% of global population).
- Recent publication by Zoological Survey of India (ZSI): “75 Endemic Birds of India”.
- Released on ZSI’s 108th foundation day.
- Focus on India’s endemic bird species (5% of total).
- Aims to spread knowledge and promote conservation.
Unveiling the Findings
- Endemic species: Found only in India, not elsewhere.
- Notable subset: 78 endemic bird species.
- Highlighting conservation efforts for restricted-range species.
- Trio of enigmatic species:
- Manipur Bush Quail (Endangered) – last sighting 1907.
- Himalayan Quail (Critically Endangered) – last sighting 1876.
- Jerdon’s Courser (Critically Endangered) – last confirmed sighting 2009.
Diversity in Unity
- 75 endemic bird species belong to:
- 11 different orders.
- 31 families.
- 55 genera.
- Remarkable distribution patterns across India.
- Western Ghats hotspot: 28 endemic species.
Captivating Avian Residents
- Notable species:
- Malabar Grey Hornbill.
- Malabar Parakeet.
- Ashambu Laughing Thrush.
- White-bellied Sholakili.
Andaman and Nicobar Endemism
- 25 endemic bird species in Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
- Geographical isolation led to unique evolution.
Insights into Endemic Species
- Publication provides detailed information:
- Etymology of scientific names.
- Historical significance.
- Unique traits and characteristics.
- Preferred habitats.
- Breeding habits.
- Food preferences.
Understanding Endemism
- Endemism: Species restricted to specific geographic region.
- Reflects nature’s adaptation and evolution.
- Offers insights into ecosystems and ecological processes.
Celebrating India’s Avian Heritage
- Endemic birds represent a luminous thread in India’s biodiversity.
- ZSI’s publication illuminates avian wonders.
- Ignites curiosity and passion for conservation.
Why In News
In a noteworthy report by the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), it has been revealed that a remarkable 5% of India’s avian population boasts endemism, signifying their exclusive presence within the country’s borders. The comprehensive publication, “75 Endemic Birds of India,” was thoughtfully unveiled to commemorate the ZSI’s 108th foundation anniversary, shedding light on the unique avian treasures that grace the nation’s diverse landscapes.
MCQs about Exploring India’s Unique Endemic Bird Species
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Which bird species listed in the publication is considered ‘Critically Endangered’?
A. Malabar Grey Hornbill
B. Himalayan Quail
C. Ashambu Laughing Thrush
D. White-bellied Sholakili
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Which region in India has the highest number of endemic bird species?
A. Eastern Himalayas
B. Western Ghats
C. Thar Desert
D. Gangetic Plains
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What is the primary purpose of the publication “75 Endemic Birds of India”?
A. Introducing new bird species to India
B. Documenting global bird diversity
C. Promoting international bird conservation
D. Spreading knowledge about India’s endemic bird species and supporting their conservation
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