Daily Current Affairs : 28-February-2024

Researchers in India have made an important advancement in prenatal care with the development of Garbhini-GA2, an artificial intelligence (AI) model. This model is specifically designed to determine the gestational age of a fetus during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. It was created by the Indian Institute of Technology Madras and the Translational Health Science and Technology Institute as part of the DBT India initiative known as the GARBH-Ini program.

Importance of Gestational Age Estimation

Determining the correct gestational age of a fetus is crucial for effective prenatal care. Accurate assessments help healthcare providers make better decisions regarding:

  • Monitoring fetal development
  • Planning for delivery
  • Preventing complications for both mother and child

However, until now, many existing models were based on data from Western populations, which may not be applicable to Indian demographics.

Features of Garbhini-GA2

Garbhini-GA2 has several notable features that make it a groundbreaking tool:

  • India-Specific Data: It is the first gestational age estimation model validated with data from the Indian population. This makes it more relevant and accurate for Indian women.
  • Reduced Estimation Errors: The model significantly lowers the chances of errors in estimating gestational age. This precision is vital for appropriate medical interventions.
  • Enhanced Prenatal Care: By providing accurate information, Garbhini-GA2 allows healthcare providers to offer better care during pregnancy. This can lead to improved health outcomes for mothers and babies.

Important Points:

Introduction of Garbhini-GA2: An AI model developed for estimating fetal gestational age during the second and third trimesters.

Collaboration: Created by the Indian Institute of Technology Madras and the Translational Health Science and Technology Institute under the DBT India initiative (GARBH-Ini).

Significance of Gestational Age Estimation:

  • Essential for effective prenatal care.
  • Helps monitor fetal development and plan for delivery.
  • Aims to prevent complications for both mother and child.

India-Specific Validation:

  • First model validated with data from the Indian population.
  • Addresses differences in fetal growth compared to Western models.

Key Features:

  • Reduced Estimation Errors: Lowers the chances of incorrect gestational age assessments.
  • Enhanced Prenatal Care: Enables healthcare providers to offer better care based on accurate data.

Impact on Health Outcomes:

  • Potentially reduces maternal and infant mortality rates.
  • Supports healthier pregnancies and safer deliveries.

Future Promise: Garbhini-GA2 could transform maternal healthcare practices in India with ongoing research and application.

Why In News

Researchers have developed Garbhini-GA2, an India-specific artificial intelligence model, to accurately determine the gestational age of a fetus during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, enhancing the precision of prenatal care tailored to the unique needs of Indian mothers and their babies.

MCQs about Garbhini-GA2

  1. What is the primary purpose of Garbhini-GA2?
    A. To improve maternal nutrition
    B. To estimate the gestational age of a fetus
    C. To predict delivery complications
    D. To monitor maternal health
    Correct Answer: B. To estimate the gestational age of a fetus
    Explanation: Garbhini-GA2 is specifically designed to accurately determine the gestational age of a fetus during the second and third trimesters, which is crucial for effective prenatal care.
  2. Which institutions developed the Garbhini-GA2 model?
    A. All India Institute of Medical Sciences
    B. Indian Institute of Technology Madras and Translational Health Science and Technology Institute
    C. Harvard University and Stanford University
    D. World Health Organization
    Correct Answer: B. Indian Institute of Technology Madras and Translational Health Science and Technology Institute
    Explanation: The model was created by these two Indian institutions as part of the DBT India initiative (GARBH-Ini) program.
  3. Why is Garbhini-GA2 considered important for the Indian population?
    A. It uses data from Western populations.
    B. It is the first model validated with Indian population data.
    C. It focuses solely on maternal health.
    D. It offers dietary recommendations for pregnant women.
    Correct Answer: B. It is the first model validated with Indian population data.
    Explanation: Garbhini-GA2 is unique because it addresses variations in fetal growth specific to the Indian context, making it more relevant and accurate for Indian women.
  4. What potential impact does Garbhini-GA2 have on maternal and infant health?
    A. It increases the risk of complications.
    B. It can help reduce maternal and infant mortality rates.
    C. It does not affect health outcomes.
    D. It is only useful for urban populations.
    Correct Answer: B. It can help reduce maternal and infant mortality rates.
    Explanation: By providing accurate gestational age estimates, Garbhini-GA2 enables better prenatal care, which can lead to improved health outcomes and lower mortality rates for mothers and infants.

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