Hindu Editorial Analysis : 14-October-2024
Nearly a year after the Maldives’ presidential election, President Mohamed Muizzu made his first bilateral visit to India. This trip is viewed as an effort to repair the relationship between the two nations. During this visit, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi emphasized that India is always the “first responder” for the Maldives in times of need.
The Relationship: A Mix of Cooperation and Tension
The relationship between India and the Maldives has been complex, marked by both cooperation and occasional friction. With President Muizzu’s election, a significant shift occurred. His “India Out” campaign raised concerns about future ties, as he promised to change the Maldives’ “India First” policy. Additionally, his decision to visit Turkey, China, and the UAE before India added another layer of complexity to the situation.
Recent Developments
- Diplomatic Efforts: After his election, Muizzu’s visit to India, along with discussions with Indian officials, has opened doors for renewed cooperation.
Economic and Strategic Cooperation
India has provided crucial economic support to the Maldives, including:
- A $100 million subscription to Maldivian T-bills.
- A ₹3,000 crore currency swap arrangement.
These measures are essential for stabilizing the Maldivian economy and managing its debt. Furthermore, both countries have announced new joint infrastructure projects and are considering a Free Trade Agreement, showcasing their economic interdependence.
Defence and Security Concerns
Security is a vital aspect of the India-Maldives relationship. The presence of Indian military personnel has stirred controversy, leading to calls for their replacement with technical staff. This aims to address Maldivian concerns while ensuring ongoing security cooperation. The Maldives’ strategic position in the Indian Ocean makes it a key partner for India, especially in countering external influences like China.
Tourism and Investment
Tourism is crucial for the Maldivian economy, and India is a significant source of tourists. President Muizzu’s visits to Agra, Mumbai, and Bengaluru highlight the importance of Indian tourists and investors. Efforts to restore pre-pandemic tourism levels and attract Indian investments are vital for the Maldives’ economic recovery.
The Challenge of China’s Influence
The Maldives’ strategic location has made it a focal point in the rivalry between India and China. China’s growing influence poses challenges to India’s traditional dominance in the region.
Key Issues:
- Geopolitical Competition: China is expanding its presence in the Maldives through infrastructure projects and financial aid.
- Economic Dependencies: Heavy investments from China, particularly through the Belt and Road Initiative, risk increasing Maldivian debt.
- Security Concerns: China’s involvement in security cooperation creates tension as India views the Maldives as part of its sphere of influence.
India’s Strategy to Counter China
To address these challenges, India is pursuing a multifaceted strategy, which includes:
- Strengthening Regional Alliances: Building strong ties with neighboring countries to balance China’s influence.
- Strategic Partnerships: Collaborating with countries like the US, Japan, and Australia to promote a free Indo-Pacific.
- Military Modernization: Upgrading military capabilities to deter potential threats from China.
- Economic Initiatives: Promoting regional economic integration through SAARC and BIMSTEC to counter Chinese influence.
- Infrastructure Development: Investing in projects that offer alternatives to Chinese investments, enhancing connectivity in the region.
Why In News
Nearly a year after the Maldives presidential election, President Mohamed Muizzu made his first bilateral visit, which is widely seen as an attempt to mend fences with India. During this visit, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi reaffirmed that India is always the “first responder” for the Maldives in times of need, emphasizing the importance of their partnership in ensuring regional stability and cooperation.
MCQs about India-Maldives Relations
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What significant change did President Mohamed Muizzu promise after his election regarding the Maldives’ foreign policy?
A. To strengthen ties with China
B. To maintain the “India First” policy
C. To adopt an “India Out” policy
D. To withdraw from regional agreements
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Which of the following economic support measures has India provided to the Maldives?
A. A military aid package
B. A $100 million subscription to Maldivian T-bills
C. A tourism development fund
D. A loan for infrastructure projects
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What is a primary concern regarding China’s involvement in the Maldives?
A. Cultural exchange programs
B. Increased tourism
C. Potential debt trap due to heavy investments
D. Enhanced military collaboration
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How is India addressing the challenge posed by China in the Maldives and the broader region?
A. By reducing military presence
B. Through enhanced regional alliances and infrastructure investments
C. By increasing economic dependency on China
D. By limiting diplomatic engagements
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