Hindu Editorial Analysis : 18-April-2024
In March 2024, India successfully concluded its first winter experience in the Arctic, marking a significant milestone in its engagement with this unique region. This essay explores the Arctic, India’s historical presence there, recent developments, potential collaborations, and the emerging challenges the country faces.
Understanding the Arctic
The Arctic is the northernmost part of our planet, centered around the North Pole. It is known for its extreme climate, which includes:
- Polar Conditions: Harsh weather, including long winters with little sunlight.
- Unique Ecosystems: Distinctive plant and animal life adapted to cold.
- Geographical Features: Ice caps, glaciers, and extensive sea ice.
India’s Presence in the Arctic
India’s involvement in Arctic affairs dates back to 1920 when it signed the Svalbard Treaty in Paris. Key milestones in India’s Arctic journey include:
- 2007: Initiated its first research mission focused on Arctic microbiology and geology.
- 2008: Established the Himadri research base, becoming the only developing nation, aside from China, to do so.
- Summer Missions: Until recently, these missions took place only in summer (April to October).
In 2013, India gained ‘observer’ status in the Arctic Council, furthering its research initiatives.
Recent Developments
In December 2023, four Indian climate scientists arrived in Oslo to prepare for India’s first winter expedition in the Arctic. This winter research will provide unique opportunities for scientific observation, as:
- Polar Nights: Researchers can study the Arctic during periods of nearly 24 hours of darkness.
- Sub-Zero Temperatures: Conducting studies in extreme cold (down to -15 degrees Celsius).
These efforts will enhance understanding of critical issues like climate change and its impact on weather patterns in India, including the monsoon.
Potential for Collaboration
India is keen to collaborate with Arctic nations on various fronts, especially:
- Green Energy: Focus on renewable resources and clean technologies.
- Waste Management: Learning from Nordic countries to improve environmental practices.
Partnerships with countries like Denmark, Finland, and potentially Norway could allow India to engage more deeply with Arctic Council initiatives, covering areas like:
- Maritime Transportation
- Investment and Infrastructure
- Responsible Resource Development
While pursuing economic benefits from Arctic resources, India must prioritize sustainable extraction methods.
Emerging Challenges
The Arctic presents both opportunities and challenges for India. The debate among academics and policymakers reflects concerns about:
- Climate Impact: How Arctic changes might affect India’s economy.
- Environmental Risks: Potential damage from mining and fossil fuel extraction.
There is also anxiety over China’s growing influence in the Arctic, especially with Russia granting it access to the Northern Sea Route. This situation complicates India’s strategic interests in the region, particularly amid geopolitical tensions heightened by the Russia-Ukraine conflict.
Why In News
In March 2024, India’s first winter experience in the Arctic came to a successful end, marking a historic achievement that deepened the country’s commitment to understanding and researching this vital and changing region.
MCQs about India’s Arctic Endeavors
- What significant milestone did India achieve in March 2024?
A. It established a new Arctic research base.
B. It successfully completed its first winter experience in the Arctic.
C. It signed a new treaty with Arctic nations.
D. It hosted an international climate conference in the Arctic.
- Which year did India gain ‘observer’ status in the Arctic Council?
A. 2007
B. 2008
C. 2013
D. 2016
- What are some key areas of collaboration India is pursuing with Arctic nations?
A. Military cooperation and arms trade
B. Green energy and pollution control
C. Space exploration and lunar missions
D. Fossil fuel extraction techniques
- What concerns do some experts have regarding India’s involvement in Arctic resource extraction?
A. The potential for increased tourism
B. The risk of geopolitical tensions with China
C. Environmental consequences of mining activities
D. The impact on global sea levels
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