Hindu Editorial Analysis : 18-April-2024

In March 2024, India successfully concluded its first winter experience in the Arctic, marking a significant milestone in its engagement with this unique region. This essay explores the Arctic, India’s historical presence there, recent developments, potential collaborations, and the emerging challenges the country faces.

Understanding the Arctic

The Arctic is the northernmost part of our planet, centered around the North Pole. It is known for its extreme climate, which includes:

  • Polar Conditions: Harsh weather, including long winters with little sunlight.
  • Unique Ecosystems: Distinctive plant and animal life adapted to cold.
  • Geographical Features: Ice caps, glaciers, and extensive sea ice.

India’s Presence in the Arctic

India’s involvement in Arctic affairs dates back to 1920 when it signed the Svalbard Treaty in Paris. Key milestones in India’s Arctic journey include:

  • 2007: Initiated its first research mission focused on Arctic microbiology and geology.
  • 2008: Established the Himadri research base, becoming the only developing nation, aside from China, to do so.
  • Summer Missions: Until recently, these missions took place only in summer (April to October).

In 2013, India gained ‘observer’ status in the Arctic Council, furthering its research initiatives.

Recent Developments

In December 2023, four Indian climate scientists arrived in Oslo to prepare for India’s first winter expedition in the Arctic. This winter research will provide unique opportunities for scientific observation, as:

  • Polar Nights: Researchers can study the Arctic during periods of nearly 24 hours of darkness.
  • Sub-Zero Temperatures: Conducting studies in extreme cold (down to -15 degrees Celsius).

These efforts will enhance understanding of critical issues like climate change and its impact on weather patterns in India, including the monsoon.

Potential for Collaboration

India is keen to collaborate with Arctic nations on various fronts, especially:

  • Green Energy: Focus on renewable resources and clean technologies.
  • Waste Management: Learning from Nordic countries to improve environmental practices.

Partnerships with countries like Denmark, Finland, and potentially Norway could allow India to engage more deeply with Arctic Council initiatives, covering areas like:

  • Maritime Transportation
  • Investment and Infrastructure
  • Responsible Resource Development

While pursuing economic benefits from Arctic resources, India must prioritize sustainable extraction methods.

Emerging Challenges

The Arctic presents both opportunities and challenges for India. The debate among academics and policymakers reflects concerns about:

  • Climate Impact: How Arctic changes might affect India’s economy.
  • Environmental Risks: Potential damage from mining and fossil fuel extraction.

There is also anxiety over China’s growing influence in the Arctic, especially with Russia granting it access to the Northern Sea Route. This situation complicates India’s strategic interests in the region, particularly amid geopolitical tensions heightened by the Russia-Ukraine conflict.

Why In News

In March 2024, India’s first winter experience in the Arctic came to a successful end, marking a historic achievement that deepened the country’s commitment to understanding and researching this vital and changing region.

MCQs about India’s Arctic Endeavors

  1. What significant milestone did India achieve in March 2024?
    A. It established a new Arctic research base.
    B. It successfully completed its first winter experience in the Arctic.
    C. It signed a new treaty with Arctic nations.
    D. It hosted an international climate conference in the Arctic.
    Correct Answer: B. It successfully completed its first winter experience in the Arctic.
    Explanation: This statement highlights India’s historic achievement of conducting research during the Arctic winter, which is crucial for understanding the region’s climate and ecosystems.
  2. Which year did India gain ‘observer’ status in the Arctic Council?
    A. 2007
    B. 2008
    C. 2013
    D. 2016
    Correct Answer: C. 2013
    Explanation: India was granted ‘observer’ status in the Arctic Council in 2013, allowing it to participate more actively in Arctic governance and research initiatives.
  3. What are some key areas of collaboration India is pursuing with Arctic nations?
    A. Military cooperation and arms trade
    B. Green energy and pollution control
    C. Space exploration and lunar missions
    D. Fossil fuel extraction techniques
    Correct Answer: B. Green energy and pollution control
    Explanation: India aims to collaborate with Arctic countries on green energy initiatives and environmental management, emphasizing sustainable practices in its engagement with the region.
  4. What concerns do some experts have regarding India’s involvement in Arctic resource extraction?
    A. The potential for increased tourism
    B. The risk of geopolitical tensions with China
    C. Environmental consequences of mining activities
    D. The impact on global sea levels
    Correct Answer: C. Environmental consequences of mining activities
    Explanation: Many experts caution that economic exploitation of Arctic resources, such as fossil fuels, could lead to significant environmental damage, highlighting the need for a balanced policy framework.

Boost up your confidence by appearing our Weekly Current Affairs Multiple Choice Questions

Loading