Hindu Editorial Analysis : 4-November-2024
India has reaffirmed its commitment to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR), a global initiative established in 2015 by the United Nations. This framework aims to reduce disaster risks and losses in order to protect lives, livelihoods, and the assets of nations and communities. India has actively incorporated the framework’s principles into its national policies and disaster management strategies.
Key Dimensions of India’s Disaster Risk Reduction Initiatives
1. Adoption of Sendai Framework Principles
The Sendai Framework emphasizes four key priorities for disaster risk reduction:
- Understanding Disaster Risks
- Strengthening Disaster Risk Governance
- Investing in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) for Resilience
- Enhancing Disaster Preparedness for Effective Response
India has aligned these principles with national policies, including the National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP). These policies aim to reduce vulnerabilities and enhance resilience across the country.
2. International Cooperation and Global Partnerships
India promotes international collaboration for disaster resilience through initiatives like the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI). The CDRI now includes 40 countries and seven international organizations, focusing on disaster-resilient infrastructure, which aligns with Sendai’s goals.
3. Strengthening Regional and Local Resilience
India has implemented several projects to enhance regional resilience, such as:
- National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project (NCRMP)
- National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) to address flood and drought risks
- Heat Action Plans in states like Gujarat to tackle extreme heat waves
4. Enhancing Financing for Disaster Risk Reduction
India has prioritized disaster financing through mechanisms like the National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF) and State Disaster Response Funds (SDRF). At the G-20 summit, India also emphasized the need for Nature-based Solutions (NbS) to mitigate risks while preserving ecosystems. A key example is the Mula-Mutha River floodplain restoration in Pune, which uses NbS to improve flood resilience.
India’s Five DRR Priorities at the G-20
- Early Warning Systems
India’s early warning systems, especially for cyclones and heatwaves, have set international benchmarks. For example, the timely warnings during Cyclone Tauktae helped minimize fatalities. - Disaster-Resilient Infrastructure
Through CDRI, India aids global communities in building infrastructure that can withstand extreme weather events such as floods and earthquakes. - Disaster Financing
India has advocated for increased financing for DRR, highlighting the need for public-private partnerships and better policy integration. - Resilient Recovery
India focuses on “build back better” strategies in post-disaster recovery, as seen in Kerala after the 2018 floods, where resilient infrastructure was incorporated. - Nature-Based Solutions
India supports NbS like wetland restoration and afforestation to reduce the impacts of disasters while protecting biodiversity.
Challenges in Disaster Risk Reduction
While India has made significant strides, there are still several challenges:
- Funding Constraints: Limited resources and the slow development of public-private partnerships hinder DRR efforts.
- Infrastructure Vulnerability: Many urban areas are not built to withstand high-magnitude disasters, increasing vulnerability.
- Data and Research Gaps: There is a need for better local data on disaster risks and research into emerging threats, such as climate-induced disasters.
- Nature-Based Solutions: NbS require careful planning and investment, but limited resources can slow their implementation.
Way Forward for Strengthening Disaster Risk Reduction
To strengthen DRR efforts, India should focus on the following:
- Increase DRR Financing: Develop stronger public-private partnerships and create targeted funds for vulnerable regions.
- Expand CDRI and Global Alliances: Continue enhancing collaborations with countries facing similar challenges.
- Localized Early Warning Systems: Improve early warning systems tailored to specific communities, especially in flood-prone areas like Uttarakhand.
- Invest in Resilient Urban Planning: Strengthen building codes and implement climate-resilient infrastructure in urban areas.
- Promote Nature-Based Solutions: Expand NbS projects, particularly in coastal and riverine areas, to manage disaster risks sustainably.
Why In News
India has reaffirmed its commitment to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR), a UN-backed global agreement adopted in 2015. This framework aims for the substantial reduction of disaster risks and losses to protect lives, livelihoods, and the assets of communities and nations. By aligning national policies with the Sendai Framework’s principles, India seeks to strengthen its disaster resilience and contribute to global efforts in reducing the devastating impact of natural disasters.
MCQs about India’s Commitment to Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)
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What is the primary goal of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR)?
A. To provide financial support to disaster-affected countries
B. To increase international cooperation in disaster management
C. To substantially reduce disaster risks and losses to protect lives, livelihoods, and assets
D. To create a global disaster management force
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Which of the following is a priority area emphasized in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction?
A. Climate change mitigation
B. Understanding disaster risks
C. Promoting global economic growth
D. Building global trade agreements
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Which of the following initiatives was launched by India to promote disaster-resilient infrastructure globally?
A. National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project (NCRMP)
B. Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI)
C. Heat Action Plan
D. National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG)
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What is one of the key challenges faced by India in implementing Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) strategies?
A. Overfunding of DRR initiatives
B. Lack of urbanization
C. Limited resources for disaster financing
D. Too many disaster response teams
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