Hindu Editorial Analysis : 4-July-2024

India’s position in the global arena heavily depends on its internal stability and the effectiveness of its response to domestic issues. Over the next five years, it is vital to create a robust internal security plan.

Historical Context of Internal Security

Post-Independence Turmoil

After gaining independence, India faced severe challenges:

  • Violent agitations and Communist uprisings in the early 1950s.
  • Insurgencies in the Northeast, including Nagaland and Manipur, during the 1960s and 1970s.
  • The Khalistan insurgency in Punjab during the 1980s and 1990s.
Ongoing Insurgencies

The Naxal-Maoist insurgency in the Red Corridor continues to pose a challenge:

  • In 2010, 96 districts faced terror; now, this number has decreased to 46, indicating reduced violence.
Kashmir Unrest

The Kashmir issue remains a critical concern:

  • Although violence levels have decreased, local discontent continues, fueled by indigenous militants.
Terrorism and Cyber Threats

India faces threats from various domestic and foreign terrorist groups, including:

  • Lashkar-e-Taiba
  • Jaish-e-Mohammad
  • Indian Mujahideen

With technological advancements, cyber attacks targeting infrastructure and sensitive information are increasingly common.

Economic and Social Challenges

Disparities and Fissures

Economic inequalities and communal tensions create vulnerabilities, making India susceptible to external manipulation.

The Global Context

India’s security is influenced by global issues, such as:

  • Population growth and poverty.
  • Human rights concerns, highlighted by UN reports.

With a projected population of 7 to 8 billion in 25 years, managing resources and infrastructure will be critical.

Government Initiatives

Security Laws and Strategies
  • Maintenance of Internal Security Act (MISA), 1971: Allowed for the detention of individuals threatening national security.
  • Indian Maritime Security Strategy (2015): Aimed at enhancing maritime security in the Indian Ocean.

Recommendations for Improvement

National Security Doctrine

A comprehensive National Security Doctrine (NSD) is essential to outline internal and external challenges.

Minister for Internal Security

Appointing a dedicated minister for internal security could ensure prompt attention to urgent matters.

Focus on Northeast India

The government must adopt a focused approach to address ongoing challenges in the Northeast.

Restructuring Intelligence Agencies

Reforming the Intelligence Bureau (IB) and the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) is necessary for effective functioning.

Enhancing Police Forces

Transforming the police into a “People’s Police” is crucial for better community relations.

Embracing Technology

Integrating advanced technologies into policing can greatly enhance internal security.

Developing a National Security Strategy

A well-defined National Security Strategy (NSS) will help assess and respond to threats effectively.

Infrastructure Development

Investing in infrastructure and social programs can contribute to long-term stability and security.

In summary, addressing India’s internal security challenges requires a multifaceted approach, combining government initiatives, community involvement, and technological advancements to foster a secure and cohesive society.

Why In News

India’s strength on the international stage is closely tied to its internal cohesion and ability to address domestic challenges effectively. A stable and secure India not only enhances its global standing but also fosters an environment conducive to economic growth and social progress. As we look ahead to the next five years, it becomes crucial to formulate a comprehensive internal security plan.

MCQs about India’s Internal Security Challenges

  1. What was one of the significant challenges India faced immediately after gaining independence?
    A. Economic reforms
    B. Violent agitations and uprisings
    C. Technological advancements
    D. Globalization
    Correct Answer: B. Violent agitations and uprisings
    Explanation: After gaining independence, India experienced violent agitations, including Communist uprisings, which posed significant challenges to the newly formed government.
  2. Which of the following is a major concern regarding the Kashmir issue?
    A. High levels of tourism
    B. Indigenous militancy and ongoing unrest
    C. Economic prosperity
    D. Effective governance
    Correct Answer: B. Indigenous militancy and ongoing unrest
    Explanation: The Kashmir issue remains a persistent problem due to local discontent and the presence of indigenous militants, despite a decrease in violence.
  3. What role does technology play in India’s internal security challenges?
    A. It has no significant impact.
    B. It solely benefits economic growth.
    C. It increases vulnerability to cyber attacks.
    D. It is only useful for military applications.
    Correct Answer: C. It increases vulnerability to cyber attacks.
    Explanation: The rise of technology has led to significant cyber threats, targeting critical infrastructure and sensitive information, thus complicating internal security.
  4. What is one suggested measure to enhance India’s internal security?
    A. Reducing military spending
    B. Appointing a dedicated minister for internal security
    C. Limiting technological integration
    D. Increasing borders without a strategy
    Correct Answer: B. Appointing a dedicated minister for internal security.
    Explanation: Having a dedicated minister for internal security could ensure more prompt attention to urgent security matters, enhancing overall effectiveness.

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