Hindu Editorial Analysis : 11-September-2023
The G20 Summit and India’s remarkable success in disaster risk reduction present a unique opportunity to enhance international collaboration and bolster our collective resilience against the escalating risks that confront us. The world is experiencing a surge in disasters, and it is imperative that we address this challenge head-on. We will explore the current state of global risks, the solutions available, India’s contributions to disaster risk reduction, and the transformative actions needed for a safer future.
Escalating Global Risks
Risks are outpacing our efforts to mitigate them. The aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, coupled with a complex web of crises including warfare, mounting debt, and food insecurity, is putting our capacity to cope under severe strain. Disasters have become a troubling trend, not an exception. The headlines of this year alone have been inundated with devastating events, such as severe floods in China, destructive wildfires in Europe and Hawaii, and record-breaking heatwaves in July.
Tragically, the most vulnerable countries and communities bear the brunt of these disasters, despite having contributed the least to the problem. It’s worth noting that many of the 50 countries most vulnerable to climate change also grapple with crippling debt issues.
India’s Struggle with Disasters
India, one of the world’s most disaster-prone nations, is grappling with this new reality acutely. In 2022, the country faced nearly daily disasters or extreme weather events, and the severe monsoon this year has led to widespread loss of lives and livelihoods.
Available Solutions
Fortunately, we possess the tools for both adaptation and mitigation. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a comprehensive roadmap for achieving peace and prosperity, and the commitments made in the Paris Agreement to limit global warming to 1.5°C are vital. Additionally, the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction offers a global framework for reducing disaster risks, although progress has been slow.
India’s Role in Disaster Risk Reduction
India stands as a beacon of hope in disaster risk reduction. All 28 states have formulated their own disaster management plans, resulting in a significant reduction in mortality from extreme weather events. India’s early warning system for cyclones, which covers the entire coastline, has decreased cyclone-related deaths by 90% over the past 15 years. Furthermore, local-level heat wave action plans have slashed heat wave fatalities by over 90%. Cyclone Biparjoy’s zero-death toll in Gujarat underscores the effectiveness of preparedness, response, and early warning systems.
India’s 15th Finance Commission introduced substantial reforms in disaster risk financing, allocating $28.6 billion for disaster preparedness, response, recovery, and capacity development at the national and state levels. Internationally, India champions disaster resilience and sustainability through initiatives like the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure and its National Disaster Response Force, which aids disaster-stricken regions globally.
Transformative Actions Required
To tackle disaster risk, we must integrate risk reduction into our construction, investments, and daily lives. Early warning systems, supported by the UN with India’s backing, are cost-effective and can significantly reduce damage caused by storms. Yet, over a third of the global population, primarily in least developed countries and Small Island Developing States, lacks access to such systems.
The Way Forward
Our ultimate goal should be a global multi-risk warning system encompassing all types of hazards. Improving global data capabilities is crucial for predicting and responding to these risks. India’s G20 presidency’s efforts in knowledge sharing, joint data infrastructure, and risk analysis are commendable steps in this direction. Finally, we must prioritize international cooperation in disaster prevention, response, and recovery, especially for Global South countries, to ensure that no one is left behind.
Why In News
The G20 Summit presents a crucial platform for fostering global collaboration, while India’s remarkable achievements in disaster risk reduction underscore the potential for shared knowledge and strategies to enhance global resilience against a multitude of threats. Together, these milestones offer a unique chance to strengthen our collective response to emerging challenges and bolster our capacity to mitigate risks worldwide.
MCQs about India’s Role in Disaster Risk Reduction
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Which framework serves as a global framework for reducing disaster risks?
A. Paris Agreement
B. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
C. Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
D. Kyoto Protocol
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What significant achievement is attributed to India’s early warning system for cyclones?
A. A 30% reduction in cyclone occurrences
B. A 90% reduction in cyclone-related mortality over 15 years
C. A complete elimination of cyclones
D. Increased cyclone frequency
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What is the ultimate goal in disaster risk reduction?
A. Expanding international tourism
B. Achieving global multi-risk warning systems
C. Reducing global warming by 5°C
D. Increasing global trade deficits
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