Hindu Editorial Analysis : 9-May-2024

Recently, Myanmar’s army announced that it has successfully retaken Myawaddy, a crucial town along the busy trade route with Thailand. This event has significant implications for both Myanmar and its neighboring countries.

Background of the Situation

In February 2021, Myanmar’s military seized power in a coup, claiming that there was fraud in the November 2020 general election, which was won by Aung San Suu Kyi’s party. However, various election monitoring groups found no substantial evidence to support these fraud claims. As a result of this political turmoil, Myanmar has experienced unrest, especially among ethnic communities who are fighting for their civil rights and the establishment of a democratic government. Meanwhile, on the Indian side of the border, ethnic groups are advocating for the protection of their social, cultural, and economic rights.

Importance of Stability in Myanmar for India

The stability of Myanmar is vital for India, particularly due to their shared border of 1,643 kilometers. Many people on both sides have familial and ethnic ties, which adds to the importance of maintaining peaceful relations.

  • Border Regulations: In 1968, a government notification limited free movement along the border. Initially, people could move up to 40 km, but this was reduced to 16 km in 2004. The provisions were last updated in 2016.
  • Crossing the Border: Under the Free Movement Regime (FMR), members of hill tribes from both countries can cross the border with a pass, valid for a year, allowing them to stay for up to two weeks.

The border passes through several Indian states, including Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, and Mizoram. Political stability in Myanmar is essential for projects like the Kaladan Multi-modal Transit Transport Project (KMTTP), which aims to enhance connectivity and counter Chinese influence in the region.

Concerns and Challenges

The political unrest in Myanmar has created a complicated situation for human trafficking and crime along the border. Here are some key issues:

  • Rise of Criminal Syndicates: Instability has led to the emergence of criminal groups that exploit vulnerable individuals.
  • Porous Border: The FMR has made the border easy to cross, facilitating smuggling of goods, drugs, and arms.
  • Lack of Cooperation: Ongoing political crises hinder effective collaboration between India and Myanmar to address these challenges.
  • Difficult Terrain: The hilly landscape complicates border patrolling and security measures.

Additionally, ASEAN, the main regional forum, has struggled to address these issues. Meanwhile, China has increased its involvement in Myanmar’s internal affairs, claiming it is helping stabilize the region.

Government Actions

In response to these challenges, the Indian government has decided to eliminate the Free Movement Regime (FMR) along the Myanmar border. This step is aimed at ensuring internal security and maintaining the demographic structure of India’s northeastern states. The government is also planning to implement smart fencing along the 1,643-km border, with the project expected to be completed in less than five years.

Why In News

Recently, Myanmar’s army claimed success in retaking Myawaddy, a critical node in the bustling trade route with its eastern neighbor, Thailand, highlighting the ongoing struggle for control in a region vital for both economic activities and political power.

MCQs about Recent Developments in Myanmar

  1. What event triggered the military coup in Myanmar in February 2021?
    A. A natural disaster
    B. Allegations of election fraud
    C. A foreign invasion
    D. A peace agreement
    Correct Answer: B. Allegations of election fraud
    Explanation: The military claimed it took power due to alleged fraud in the November 2020 general election won by Aung San Suu Kyi’s party, even though monitoring groups found no evidence of mass fraud.
  2. Why is the stability of Myanmar important for India?
    A. It prevents trade with Thailand.
    B. It maintains ethnic ties across the border.
    C. It allows unrestricted movement for tourists.
    D. It eliminates the need for border security.
    Correct Answer: B. It maintains ethnic ties across the border.
    Explanation: India and Myanmar share a long border with many familial and ethnic connections, making stability in Myanmar crucial for maintaining peaceful relations and addressing local issues.
  3. What was the purpose of the Free Movement Regime (FMR) established between India and Myanmar?
    A. To allow unlimited trade across the border.
    B. To facilitate easy travel for residents of border areas.
    C. To prevent any movement across the border.
    D. To monitor military activities along the border.
    Correct Answer: B. To facilitate easy travel for residents of border areas.
    Explanation: The FMR was designed to allow members of hill tribes from both countries to cross the border with a pass, promoting cultural and familial connections.
  4. What challenge has arisen due to the political unrest in Myanmar?
    A. Increased tourism in India.
    B. Rise of criminal syndicates.
    C. Improved relations with ASEAN.
    D. Complete border security.
    Correct Answer: B. Rise of criminal syndicates.
    Explanation: The instability and power struggles in Myanmar have led to the emergence of criminal groups that exploit vulnerable individuals and engage in illicit activities along the border.

Boost up your confidence by appearing our Weekly Current Affairs Multiple Choice Questions

Loading