Daily Current Affairs : 18-August-2023
The Kalka-Shimla railway line, a 94-kilometer-long marvel, has stood the test of time, connecting the picturesque town of Shimla with the plains since its completion in the early 20th century. However, recent heavy rain and floods have taken a toll on this UNESCO World Heritage Site, prompting the need for significant repairs and restoration efforts. This essay delves into the significance of the Kalka-Shimla railway line, its division into four segments, its inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage list, and the broader context of UNESCO’s World Heritage Sites in India.
The Magnificent Kalka-Shimla Railway Line
The Kalka-Shimla railway line is not just a means of transportation; it’s a testament to human engineering and creativity. Divided into four distinct sections – Kalka to Koti, Koti to Barog, Barog to Solan, and Solan to Shimla – the railway was a visionary project undertaken between 1898 and 1903. Spearheaded by Herbert Septimus Harington, this railway was constructed to connect Shimla, the erstwhile summer capital of British India, with the rest of the country.
UNESCO Recognition: A Seal of Cultural Significance
In 2008, the Kalka-Shimla Railway earned the prestigious UNESCO World Heritage status, becoming a part of the mountain railways of India’s World Heritage Sites. This recognition isn’t merely a plaque on the wall; it’s a global acknowledgment of the site’s cultural and historical importance. UNESCO, or the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, is responsible for designating and conserving sites that hold exceptional value to humanity.
UNESCO’s World Heritage Sites: A Broader Perspective
The UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972, is a vital framework for identifying and safeguarding sites of unparalleled significance. These sites fall into two categories:
Cultural Heritage:
- Architectural wonders
- Monumental sculptures
- Ancient inscriptions
- Groupings of structures
- Cultural landscapes and archaeological sites
Natural Heritage:
- Geological formations
- Habitats of vulnerable species
- Physiographical features
- Locations valuable for conservation or natural beauty
India ratified the UNESCO World Heritage Convention in 1977, marking its commitment to preserving its cultural and natural treasures. Presently, India boasts an impressive count of 40 World Heritage Sites, a reflection of its rich history and diverse ecosystems.
Important Points:
The Magnificent Kalka-Shimla Railway Line
- 94-km railway connecting Shimla with plains.
- Divided into four parts: Kalka to Koti, Koti to Barog, Barog to Solan, Solan to Shimla.
- Built by Herbert Septimus Harington (1898-1903) to link British India’s summer capital.
UNESCO Recognition: A Seal of Cultural Significance
- Earned UNESCO World Heritage status in 2008.
- Part of India’s mountain railways World Heritage Sites.
- Global recognition of cultural and historical value.
UNESCO’s World Heritage Sites: A Broader Perspective
- UNESCO Convention (1972) identifies and conserves significant sites.
- Two categories: Cultural Heritage and Natural Heritage.
- India ratified the Convention in 1977.
- India has 40 World Heritage Sites: 32 cultural, 7 natural, 1 mixed.
- India ranks sixth globally in World Heritage Sites count.
Why In News
Due to the extensive damage caused by heavy rain and floods to the UNESCO World Heritage Site, the 94-km Kalka-Shimla railway line will undergo a comprehensive repair process, necessitating its suspension for a duration of three to four weeks. The maintenance efforts aim to restore the railway’s historical charm and ensure its continued operation for generations to come.
MCQs about Restoring the Kalka-Shimla Railway
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What is the significance of the Kalka-Shimla railway line?
A. It’s a modern high-speed railway.
B. It connects Shimla to the plains.
C. It’s a coastal railway route.
D. It connects two neighboring countries.
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When was the Kalka-Shimla Railway designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
A. 1903
B. 1972
C. 2008
D. 2010
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What are the two categories of UNESCO World Heritage Sites mentioned in the essay?
A. Historical and Natural
B. Urban and Rural
C. Cultural Heritage and Natural Heritage
D. Ancient and Modern
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How many World Heritage Sites does India currently have?
A. 20
B. 32
C. 40
D. 50
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