Hindu Editorial Analysis : 8-August-2024

In recent years, Jammu and Kashmir have witnessed a troubling increase in militant attacks. This resurgence raises concerns about security, stability, and the well-being of local communities.

Present Scenario

Over the past three years, the Jammu region, especially the Chenab Valley and areas south of the Pir Panjal, has seen a significant rise in violence. Historically, this region faced severe insurgency in the late 1990s and early 2000s, but a concerted effort called Operation Sarp Vinash in 2003 managed to control the situation with local support. However, the current statistics paint a grim picture:

  • Jammu Region: Since 2021, there have been 31 militant incidents, resulting in:
    • 47 security forces killed
    • 19 civilians killed
    • 48 terrorists killed

Recent attacks include:

  • July 8, 2024: An ambush on an Army convoy in Badnota village killed five Indian Army personnel.
  • June 2023: An attack on pilgrims in Reasi resulted in 10 deaths.
  • Kashmir Valley: Since 2021, there have been 263 incidents, leading to:
    • 68 security forces killed
    • 75 civilians killed
    • 417 terrorists killed

Reasons for Increased Militancy

Several factors contribute to the surge in militant activity:

  • Troop Redeployment: Troops were redirected to the Line of Actual Control (LAC) following tensions in June 2020, weakening counter-terrorism efforts.
  • Militant Infiltration: Estimates indicate that 20-25 militants have crossed over from Pakistan, primarily in regions like Poonch-Rajouri and Kathua-Doda.
  • Local Support: There’s a growing trend of local militants, giving a familiar face to the insurgency.
  • New Terror Groups: Emerging groups are claiming responsibility for attacks, complicating the security situation.
  • Modern Technology: Terrorists are increasingly using advanced technology.
  • Intelligence Gaps: There is a noticeable lack of local intelligence to combat these threats.

Challenges and Impacts

The rise in militancy brings multiple challenges:

  • Instability: Ongoing violence disrupts daily life and creates a climate of fear.
  • Casualties: Attacks result in significant loss of life among security forces and civilians.
  • Curfews and Restrictions: Heavy military presence leads to frequent curfews and roadblocks, heightening tensions.
  • Displacement: Violence has forced families to flee, creating a refugee crisis.
  • Psychological Effects: Continuous threats of violence lead to trauma, anxiety, and depression among residents.
  • Economic Disruption: Attacks hinder economic activities, impacting trade, tourism, and local businesses. Infrastructure damage further exacerbates these issues and increases poverty and unemployment.
  • Social Divisions: Terrorist activities can deepen mistrust and create divisions among communities.

Government Response

The Indian government has implemented several strategies to address the rise in militancy:

  • Counter-Terrorism Operations: Regular military operations aim to neutralize militant threats. Approximately 3,000 Army troops and 500 Special Forces have been deployed in Jammu to fill security gaps.
  • Reorganization: The abrogation of Article 370 in August 2019 restructured Jammu and Kashmir into two Union Territories, promoting better administration.
  • Legal Frameworks: Laws like the Public Safety Act (PSA) and Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) have been strengthened to deal with militancy.
  • Education Initiatives: Promoting education and awareness to counter radical ideologies is a priority, with institutions like IIT Jammu and IIM Jammu now operational.

Why In News

Recently, there has been a sharp rise in militant attacks in Jammu and Kashmir, raising alarms about the region’s security and the safety of its residents.

MCQs about Rise of Militancy in Jammu and Kashmir

  1. What significant operation helped control insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir in 2003?
    A. Operation Sarp Vinash
    B. Operation Dudhi
    C. Operation All-Out
    D. Operation Chakra
    Correct Answer: A. Operation Sarp Vinash
    Explanation: Operation Sarp Vinash was a major military initiative that helped regain control over insurgency in the Jammu region in 2003.
  2. Which factor is identified as contributing to the recent rise in militancy in Jammu and Kashmir?
    A. Increased tourism
    B. Troop redeployment to the Line of Actual Control (LAC)
    C. Improved local infrastructure
    D. Greater community support for the military
    Correct Answer: B. Troop redeployment to the Line of Actual Control (LAC)
    Explanation: The redeployment of troops following tensions in the region has weakened counter-terrorism efforts, contributing to increased militant activity.
  3. How many militant incidents were reported in the Jammu region since 2021?
    A. 31
    B. 263
    C. 50
    D. 100
    Correct Answer: A. 31
    Explanation: The Jammu region has experienced 31 militant incidents since 2021, resulting in numerous casualties among security forces and civilians.
  4. What legal frameworks have been strengthened to combat militancy in Jammu and Kashmir?
    A. Right to Information Act (RTI)
    B. Public Safety Act (PSA) and Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA)
    C. National Food Security Act
    D. Consumer Protection Act
    Correct Answer: B. Public Safety Act (PSA) and Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA)
    Explanation: The Indian government has strengthened laws like the PSA and UAPA to effectively deal with terrorism and other unlawful activities in the region.

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