Hindu Editorial Analysis : 9-December-2023
Cyclone Michaung recently made landfall in Andhra Pradesh, causing floods in Chennai. This incident highlights the pressing issue of urban flooding in India, with implications for densely populated areas.
Urban Floods: A Growing Menace
Causes of Urban Flooding
- Weather Systems:
- India experiences heavy rainfall during monsoons.
- Other weather systems and storm surges contribute to excessive rain.
- Dam Water Impact:
- Sudden release or failure to release water from dams can lead to severe flooding.
- Urban Heat Island Effect:
- Urbanization intensifies rainfall over cities due to the urban heat island effect.
- Climate Change & Sea Level Rise:
- Changed weather patterns and rising sea levels pose threats to coastal cities.
- Cities in various geographical locations are susceptible to flooding.
Consequences of Urban Flooding
- Densely populated urban areas suffer from loss of life and livelihood.
- Exposure to infection exacerbates human suffering.
Urban Challenges & Floods in India
Contributing Factors
- Poor Maintenance:
- Existing systems are easily overwhelmed due to inadequate maintenance.
- Encroachment & Habitations:
- Urbanization encroaches on natural water bodies, disrupting water flow.
- Habitations alongside rivers exacerbate water flow and increase flood risk.
- Loss of Drains:
- Encroachments on natural drains and floodplains reduce drainage capacity.
- Improper Disposal Systems:
- Improper waste disposal reduces drainage capacities, contributing to flooding.
- Insufficient Policy Attention:
- Historical neglect of planning efforts to address urban flooding.
Government Initiatives
Role of States & ULBs
- State Governments and Urban Local Bodies manage drainage and sewerage systems.
National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) Guidelines
- NDMA has developed guidelines on managing urban flooding.
Master Plan for Artificial Recharge to Groundwater – 2020
- Collaboration with states for rainwater harvesting structures to harness water.
Jal Shakti Abhiyan (JSA)
- Emphasis on rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharge.
Amrit Sarovar Mission
- Rejuvenation of water bodies for rainwater harvesting.
Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) 2.0
- Provision for rainwater harvesting through stormwater drains.
National Water Policy (2012)
- Advocates scientifically planned conservation through community participation.
Urban Flood Mitigation Project
- India’s maiden project worth Rs 561 crore under the National Disaster Mitigation Fund.
Why In News
Cyclone Michaung recently made landfall in Andhra Pradesh, wreaking havoc and causing widespread floods in Chennai, underscoring the urgent need for robust disaster preparedness and response measures in the region.
MCQs about Tackling Urban Floods in India
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What is a significant factor contributing to urban flooding in India?
A. Excessive heat waves
B. Poor maintenance of drainage systems
C. Decreased urbanization
D. Limited weather variability
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Which weather phenomenon mentioned in the essay can intensify rainfall over urban areas?
A. Drought
B. Monsoons
C. Tornadoes
D. Heatwaves
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What is the aim of the Jal Shakti Abhiyan (JSA) ?
A. Construction of skyscrapers
B. Urban beautification projects
C. Emphasis on rainwater harvesting/groundwater recharge
D. Promoting industrial growth
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According to the essay, why do existing drainage systems often fail during high-intensity rainfall?
A. Excessive capacity
B. Efficient maintenance
C. Encroachment and poor maintenance
D. Adequate disposal systems
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