Hindu Editorial Analysis : 19-June-2024
The phenomenon of ageing is one of the most significant trends of the 21st century. While human longevity has improved remarkably, reproduction rates have declined. In India, this demographic shift is particularly noteworthy, as the country prepares for a doubling of its elderly population by 2050.
Current State of the Elderly Population
India’s elderly population, currently at 153 million people aged 60 and above, is projected to reach around 347 million by 2050. This represents an increase from 10.5% of the total population in 2022 to an estimated 20.8% by 2050. The following points highlight this demographic change:
- Projected Growth: Elderly population will nearly double in size.
- Change in Age Structure: By 2046, the elderly are expected to outnumber children aged 0 to 15 years.
- Gender Disparity: The elderly female population is growing faster than that of males, with a sex ratio of approximately 1,065 females for every 1,000 males.
Challenges Facing the Elderly
This demographic shift presents several challenges that need to be addressed:
- Healthcare Needs: With 75% of older individuals suffering from chronic conditions, healthcare services must adapt to cater to their unique needs.
- Social Security: The elderly often face financial struggles, with many lacking a regular income or adequate support.
- Isolation and Loneliness: The breakdown of traditional family structures has led to increased feelings of neglect among the elderly.
Health and Well-being
Many older adults report poor health:
- Chronic Diseases: A significant portion suffers from diseases like diabetes and cancer.
- Mental Health: Approximately 20% of individuals aged 45 and above experience mental health issues, primarily depression.
- Nutrition: Many elderly individuals face nutritional challenges, with instances of skipped meals and inadequate portions.
Government Initiatives and Policies
To address the needs of the ageing population, various policies and programs have been introduced:
- Legal Framework: The Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007, aims to protect the rights of older individuals.
- Health Programs: Initiatives like the National Programme for Health Care of the Elderly focus on providing dedicated healthcare services.
- Awareness Campaigns: Despite existing laws and schemes, many elderly people remain unaware of the benefits available to them.
Future Directions
Addressing the needs of the elderly requires a multi-faceted approach:
- Empowering Communities: Creating movements to empower elderly individuals and promote their inclusion in society.
- Investing in the Silver Economy: Fostering businesses that cater specifically to older adults can stimulate economic growth.
- Strengthening Data Systems: Accurate data collection on ageing populations will help tailor services and predict future needs.
Why In News
The ageing phenomenon is one of the most notable experiences of the 21st century, marked by remarkable improvements in human longevity, alongside historically low levels of reproduction, leading to significant shifts in demographic structures worldwide.
MCQs about The Ageing Population in India
- What is the projected elderly population in India by 2050?
A. 153 million
B. 200 million
C. 347 million
D. 500 million
- Which act aims to protect the rights of senior citizens in India?
A. National Policy on Older Persons
B. Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007
C. National Social Assistance Programme
D. Elderline Helpline
- What percentage of the elderly in India suffer from chronic diseases?
A. 50%
B. 75%
C. 40%
D. 20%
- What is a significant challenge faced by the elderly population in India?
A. High levels of employment
B. Financial security
C. Overpopulation
D. Increased family support
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