Hindu Editorial Analysis : 1-June -2023
In recent years, graphene has emerged as a revolutionary material that is transforming various industries and scientific research. This essay explores the characteristics and potential applications of graphene, highlights the global leaders in graphene research, discusses India’s progress in this field, and examines the challenges associated with its production.
Understanding Graphene
Graphene is a two-dimensional form of carbon composed of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. Its remarkable properties make it a highly sought-after material in numerous fields. Here are some key attributes of graphene:
- Thinnest, Strongest, and Most Conductive Material: Graphene holds the distinction of being the world’s thinnest material, while also possessing incredible strength. It is approximately 200 times stronger than steel, yet six times lighter. Additionally, graphene exhibits exceptional electrical and thermal conductivity, surpassing that of copper.
- Transparency and Impermeability: Graphene is nearly transparent, absorbing only 2% of light, making it an excellent candidate for applications requiring optical clarity. Moreover, it acts as an impermeable barrier, preventing the passage of even the lightest gases like hydrogen and helium.
Applications and Potential
The versatility of graphene has led to its integration into numerous industries. Some notable applications and potential uses include:
- Automotive, Sports Equipment, and Construction: Graphene composites are utilized in the manufacturing of lightweight, high-strength components for automobiles, sports equipment, and construction materials.
- Energy Storage and Electronics: Graphene-based materials enable the development of high-performance batteries and supercapacitors, providing longer-lasting and more efficient energy storage solutions. Additionally, graphene’s exceptional conductivity is leveraged in the production of touchscreens and conductive inks.
- Environmental Monitoring and Healthcare: Graphene-based sensors find application in environmental monitoring, healthcare, and wearable devices. These sensors possess high sensitivity to changes in the environment and can detect chemical and biological agents, radiation, explosives, and other hazardous substances.
- Water Purification and Desalination: Graphene oxide membranes are used for water purification and desalination processes due to their efficient filtration capabilities.
- Defence and Aerospace: Graphene’s exceptional strength makes it a promising material for armors and ballistic protection in defence applications. Furthermore, its unique electromagnetic properties allow for the development of stealth coatings and materials that reduce radar signatures and electromagnetic interference.
Global Leaders in Graphene Research
Several countries have emerged as leaders in graphene research and development. Among them are China, the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, South Korea, Russia, and Singapore. These nations have made significant strides in exploring graphene’s potential across various sectors. China and Brazil, in particular, have become global leaders in the commercial production of graphene, filing a substantial number of patents in recent years.
India’s Progress in Graphene Innovation
While India produces a relatively small quantity of graphene compared to China and Brazil, it has shown promising advancements in graphene research and innovation. India’s focus lies in utilizing graphene for innovative purposes. For instance, researchers in India have discovered that graphene oxide-based wrappers loaded with preservatives can enhance the shelf life of fruits and vegetables. Despite its lower production volume, India’s progress in graphene research has outperformed many other nations.
Developments in India
India has witnessed notable developments in the field of graphene. The Centre for Nano Science and Engineering at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bangalore, in collaboration with KAS Tech, produced a graphene-based system several years ago, marking a significant milestone. Additionally, various start-ups and foreign subsidiaries have begun exploring graphene or its derivatives within India. Tata Steel has successfully grown graphene using annealing techniques and has also incorporated graphene into recycled plastic products.
Why In News
In the 21st century, graphene has emerged as the transformative material of our time, revolutionizing industries across the globe. Its remarkable properties and wide-ranging applications have positioned graphene at the forefront of scientific and technological advancements, promising a future of unprecedented possibilities. As researchers continue to uncover its potential, the age of graphene is set to shape the trajectory of innovation for years to come.
MCQs about The Graphene Revolution
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What is the primary characteristic of graphene that sets it apart from other materials?
A. Transparency
B. Electrical conductivity
C. High strength
D. Thermal conductivity
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In which industry can graphene-based sensors be utilized?
A. Agriculture
B. Entertainment
C. Fashion
D. Healthcare
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Which countries are global leaders in graphene research and production?
A. China and Brazil
B. India and Russia
C. Japan and Singapore
D. United States and United Kingdom
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What is one potential application of graphene in the defense and aerospace sector?
A. Energy storage
B. Water purification
C. Ballistic protection
D. Environmental monitoring
