Daily Current Affairs : 19-September-2023
The Sansad Bhavan, also known as the Parliament House, is a symbol of India’s democratic legacy. As the seat of India’s legislative power, it plays a pivotal role in shaping the nation’s future. This essay delves into the historical and architectural aspects of the Sansad Bhavan, shedding light on its significance and evolution over time.
Historical Aspects
Foundation and Inauguration
The foundation stone of the Sansad Bhavan was ceremoniously laid on February 12, 1921, by the Duke of Connaught, marking the inception of this iconic structure. Designed to accommodate the Imperial Legislative Council during the colonial era, the building witnessed its grand inauguration on January 18, 1927, when Lord Irwin, the Viceroy of India, officiated the event. It served as the nerve center of British colonial administration.
Transition to the Parliament of India
With India gaining independence in 1947, the Constituent Assembly of India took control of the Sansad Bhavan, transforming it into the Parliament of India in 1950. This transition marked a significant shift in the building’s purpose, as it now became the forum for shaping the nation’s destiny through democratic means.
Supreme Court’s Tenure
Interestingly, the Chamber of Princes within the Parliament Building also has historical significance. Before independence, it served as the Federal Court of India’s headquarters. Afterward, it became the temporary residence of the Supreme Court for over a decade before the court moved to its dedicated building. This dual role highlights the building’s multifaceted history.
Architectural Aspects
Architectural Fusion
One of the most captivating aspects of the Sansad Bhavan is its architectural fusion. Designed by the renowned architects Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker, the building seamlessly blends Western and Indian architectural styles. It marries classical Western elements with intricate Indian motifs, creating a unique and captivating structure that reflects India’s cultural diversity.
Inspiration from Chausath Yogini Temple
The architects drew inspiration from the Ekattarso Mahadeva Temple, also known as the Chausath Yogini Temple, located in Madhya Pradesh. This choice infused the building with an authentic Indian flavor, giving it a spiritual and cultural touch that resonates with the nation’s ethos.
Symmetrical Design
The Sansad Bhavan’s architectural symmetry is evident in its circular perimeter, encircled by a stunning array of 144 columns. This symmetrical design symbolizes the balanced governance and unity that the building represents.
Majestic Surroundings
The grandeur of the Sansad Bhavan is further accentuated by its lush gardens and intricate sandstone railings (jali) that fence off its perimeter. These gardens provide a tranquil environment and reflect the building’s harmonious coexistence with nature.
Important Points:
Historical Aspects:
- Foundation stone laid on February 12, 1921, by the Duke of Connaught.
- Inaugurated on January 18, 1927, by Lord Irwin, becoming the home of the Imperial Legislative Council during British rule.
- Transitioned to the Parliament of India in 1950 following India’s independence.
- Formerly housed the Federal Court of India and later served as the temporary location for the Supreme Court.
Architectural Aspects:
- Designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker, featuring a fusion of Western and Indian architectural styles.
- Inspired by the Ekattarso Mahadeva Temple (Chausath Yogini Temple) in Madhya Pradesh.
- Circular building with 144 columns on the outside, symbolizing balance and unity.
- Surrounding gardens and sandstone railings (jali) add to its grandeur and harmony with nature.
Why In News
Parliament proceedings will soon shift to the new Parliament Building, marking a historic transition for India’s legislative operations. The Sansad Bhavan, steeped in history and tradition, currently serves as the parliamentary seat, housing both the Lok Sabha (lower house) and Rajya Sabha (upper house), and continues to play a pivotal role in the nation’s democratic governance.
MCQs about The Iconic Sansad Bhavan
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What architectural styles were fused together in the design of the Sansad Bhavan?
A. Only Western architecture
B. Only Indian architecture
C. Western and Indian architecture
D. Middle Eastern and Indian architecture
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What does the symmetrical design of the Sansad Bhavan’s circular perimeter symbolize?
A. Imbalance
B. Unity and balanced governance
C. Randomness
D. Nature’s beauty
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Which historical period marked the transition of the Sansad Bhavan from being the Imperial Legislative Council to the Parliament of India?
A. 1857 Revolt
B. 1947 Independence
C. 1921 Foundation
D. 1950 Constitution
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What historical significance is associated with the Chamber of Princes within the Sansad Bhavan?
A.It served as a university campus
B. It was the temporary residence of the President
C. It was the headquarters of the Federal Court of India
D. It housed the first Prime Minister’s office
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