Hindu Editorial Analysis : 28-March-2024

The year 2024 is considered a landmark for democracy, with 45% of the global population ready to vote. However, it is crucial to evaluate how women are represented in political and leadership roles.

Women’s Political Participation

Women have made significant strides in politics, especially in the latter half of the 20th century. Here are some key milestones:

  • 1893: New Zealand granted universal suffrage to women.
  • 1907: Norway welcomed women into its parliament.
  • 2024: As of January 10, there are 28 women serving as Heads of State or Government in 26 countries.
  • Cabinet Representation: Data from UN Women shows that women held 22.8% of Cabinet positions as of January 1, 2023.

Status in India

India has a long history of patriarchal structures that have marginalized women. However, there have been notable efforts for women’s empowerment:

  • Social Reforms: Beginning in the 19th century, social reform movements sought to improve women’s well-being.
  • Freedom Movement: Women played crucial roles in the Indian freedom struggle, organizing protests and leading initiatives.
  • Representation Growth: Women’s representation in the Lok Sabha has grown from 5% in its first session to 15% currently. Comparatively, Scandinavian countries and South Africa boast over 45% female representation in their legislatures.

Importance of Women’s Representation

Women’s participation in politics is vital for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. Here are a few reasons why:

  • Key Indicator: Women’s presence in national parliaments reflects gender equality.
  • Strong Advocacy: More women in Parliament means better representation of issues often overlooked.
  • Positive Impact: Women leaders at local levels have shown to improve community welfare, reduce corruption, and prioritize health and nutrition.

Despite this potential, India faces numerous challenges, including high rates of crimes against women and low workforce participation.

Challenges in Women’s Representation

Several obstacles hinder women from participating in politics:

  • Societal Prejudices: Deep-rooted biases and a male-dominated political structure limit women’s opportunities.
  • Family Obligations: Many women juggle family responsibilities, making it hard to commit to political campaigns.
  • Harassment: Women politicians often face abuse and threats, discouraging them from running for office.
  • Financial Barriers: Financial dependence on families restricts many women from entering politics.

Related Efforts

India’s Constitution promises equality for men and women, and several initiatives aim to empower women:

  • Fundamental Rights: The Constitution guarantees equal rights in political, social, and economic spheres.
  • Economic Empowerment: Policies promote equal pay and humane working conditions.
  • Legal Rights: The Supreme Court has given daughters inheritance rights and supported women’s roles in the military.
  • Reservation of Seats: The 73rd and 74th amendments reserve one-third of seats for women in local governance, aiming to enhance their participation at grassroots levels.

Why In News

The year 2024 is being hailed as the biggest year for democracy, with 45% of the global population preparing to exercise their voting rights. As millions head to the polls, it has become imperative to assess how women are represented in politics and leadership roles, as their inclusion is crucial for a truly representative democracy.

MCQs about Importance of Women’s Representation in Politics

  1. What percentage of the global population is preparing to vote in 2024?
    A. 25%
    B. 45%
    C. 60%
    D. 75%
    Correct Answer: B. 45%
    Explanation: The 2024 is a significant year for democracy, with 45% of the global population ready to exercise their voting rights.
  2. Which country was the first to grant universal suffrage to women?
    A. Norway
    B. United States
    C. New Zealand
    D. South Africa
    Correct Answer: C. New Zealand
    Explanation: New Zealand extended universal suffrage to women in 1893, making it the first country to do so.
  3. What is the current percentage of women in the Lok Sabha ?
    A. 10%
    B. 15%
    C. 22%
    D. 28%
    Correct Answer: B. 15%
    Explanation: The women’s representation in the Lok Sabha has increased to 15% in the current session.
  4. What legal measures have been taken in India to promote women’s participation in local governance?
    A. Reservation of seats in the military
    B. Equal pay for equal work
    C. One-third reservation of seats in Panchayati Raj Institutions
    D. Mandatory education for women
    Correct Answer: C. One-third reservation of seats in Panchayati Raj Institutions
    Explanation: The 73rd and 74th amendments to the Indian Constitution provided for the reservation of one-third of seats for women in local governance, aiming to enhance their participation in decision-making.

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