Daily Current Affairs : 26-February-2024
The Indian gharial, a severely endangered crocodile species, has been sighted in the Greater Kaziranga landscape for the third consecutive year. This is a hopeful sign for conservationists working to protect this unique species.
Habitat
Kaziranga’s abundance of freshwater fish species makes it one of the great habitats for gharials. The rich biodiversity in this area provides ample food for these fascinating creatures.
Characteristics of the Gharial
The Indian gharial, also known as the fish-eating crocodile or gavial, is a crocodilian that lives within the Indian Subcontinent. It is one of the largest crocodilians.
Physical Features
- Long and Thin Snout: The gharial has a uniquely long and skinny snout that helps it catch fish effectively.
- Bulbous Tip: At the tip of its snout is a large bulb called the “ghara,” which is especially prominent in adult males.
Behavior
The gharial is the most aquatic of all crocodilians, as it never moves far from the water. This strong connection to aquatic environments is crucial for its survival.
Conservation Status
India has three species of crocodilians, specifically:
- Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus): IUCN Red List – Critically Endangered
- Mugger Crocodile (Crocodylus palustris): IUCN – Vulnerable
- Saltwater Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus): IUCN – Least Concern
All three are listed on Appendix I of CITES and Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. This legal protection is vital for ensuring their survival against threats such as habitat loss and illegal hunting.
Important Points:
Species Overview:
- The Indian gharial is a critically endangered crocodile species.
- It has been sighted in the Greater Kaziranga landscape for three consecutive years.
Habitat:
- Kaziranga has a rich abundance of freshwater fish, making it an ideal habitat for gharials.
Physical Characteristics:
- The gharial has a uniquely long and thin snout.
- It features a large bulb at the tip called the “ghara.”
Behavior:
- The gharial is the most aquatic of all crocodilians and rarely moves far from water.
Crocodilian Species in India:
- Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus): Critically Endangered (IUCN Red List)
- Mugger Crocodile (Crocodylus palustris): Vulnerable (IUCN)
- Saltwater Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus): Least Concern (IUCN)
Legal Protection:
- All three species are listed on Appendix I of CITES and Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
Conservation Importance:
- Continued conservation efforts are vital for the survival of the gharial and maintaining ecological balance in freshwater ecosystems.
Why In News
The Indian gharial, a critically endangered crocodile species, has been sighted in the Greater Kaziranga landscape for the third consecutive year, indicating a positive trend in its population and the effectiveness of conservation efforts in the region.
MCQs about The Indian Gharial
-
What is the conservation status of the Indian gharial according to the IUCN Red List?
A. Least Concern
B. Vulnerable
C. Endangered
D. Critically Endangered
-
What feature distinguishes the gharial from other crocodilians?
A. Short, stubby snout
B. Long, thin snout with a bulbous tip
C. Brightly colored scales
D. Ability to live on land
-
Why is Kaziranga considered an ideal habitat for gharials?
A. It has many trees for nesting.
B. It is home to a rich variety of freshwater fish.
C. It is a dry, desert region.
D. It is far from human settlements.
-
Which of the following is NOT one of the three crocodilian species found in India?
A. Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus)
B. Mugger Crocodile (Crocodylus palustris)
C. Nile Crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus)
D. Saltwater Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus)
Boost up your confidence by appearing our Weekly Current Affairs Multiple Choice Questions