Daily Current Affairs : 20-November-2024
India’s aquaculture sector has witnessed remarkable growth in recent years, establishing itself as a global leader in fish production. This transformation is largely driven by the adoption of advanced farming technologies like Biofloc Technology (BFT) and Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS). These innovations have not only enhanced fish production but also contributed to environmental sustainability and improved farm management practices.
Biofloc Technology (BFT): A Sustainable Approach
What is Biofloc Technology?
Biofloc Technology is a closed-tank aquaculture system that uses beneficial bacteria to convert organic waste into microbial biomass. This biomass can then be consumed by the fish, reducing the need for external feed.
How it Works:
- Beneficial heterotrophic bacteria break down organic waste and convert it into usable biomass for fish.
- Aeration and microbial activity help maintain water quality, reducing the need for frequent water changes.
- BFT minimizes the use of chemicals and antibiotics, promoting healthier fish and reducing environmental impact.
Advantages of BFT:
- Cost-effective feed, as waste is recycled for fish consumption.
- Reduces reliance on antibiotics and chemicals, promoting sustainable farming.
- Suitable for small-scale farmers and backyard farming.
- Conserves freshwater by minimizing water wastage.
Limitations of BFT:
- High initial setup cost (around ₹4-5 lakh).
- Requires constant monitoring of water quality and microbial growth.
- Limited success with certain species, such as Indian Major Carps, in specific regions.
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS): A Controlled Farming Environment
What is Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS)?
RAS is a tank-based system that recycles water through mechanical and biological filtration, creating a controlled environment for fish farming.
How it Works:
- Water is filtered to remove waste and pathogens, ensuring clean and safe conditions for fish.
- The system maintains optimal temperature, oxygen levels, and water quality.
- RAS also reduces the need for antibiotics by providing a controlled environment that minimizes disease risk.
Advantages of RAS:
- Provides a controlled environment, leading to faster and more efficient fish growth.
- Ensures high biosecurity and minimizes disease risks.
- Can be used in areas with limited access to natural water sources.
- Higher production rates compared to traditional farming methods.
Limitations of RAS:
- High initial setup and operational costs.
- Requires a constant power supply and can be vulnerable to power outages.
- Demands skilled management and maintenance of advanced systems.
Important Points:
Biofloc Technology (BFT):
- Closed-tank system that uses beneficial bacteria to convert organic waste into microbial biomass for fish consumption.
- Aeration and microbial activity maintain water quality, reducing the need for water changes.
- Reduces antibiotic and chemical use, promoting healthier fish and sustainable farming.
- Advantages:
- Cost-effective feed by recycling waste.
- Suitable for small-scale and backyard farming.
- Conserves freshwater by minimizing water wastage.
- Limitations:
- High setup cost (₹4-5 lakh).
- Requires regular monitoring of water quality and microbial growth.
- Limited success with certain species like Indian Major Carps in some regions.
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS):
- Tank-based system that recycles water through filtration to maintain clean water for fish farming.
- Optimizes environmental conditions such as temperature, oxygen, and water cleanliness.
- Reduces disease risks and minimizes antibiotic use due to controlled conditions.
- Advantages:
- Ensures controlled environment for faster fish growth.
- High biosecurity, minimizing disease risks.
- Can be used in areas without natural water sources.
- Higher production rates compared to traditional methods.
- Limitations:
- Expensive initial setup and operational costs.
- Power supply dependency and vulnerability to outages.
- Requires skilled management and system maintenance.
Why In News
India’s aquaculture sector has undergone a significant transformation, positioning the country as a global leader in fish production. Innovations like Biofloc Technology (BFT) and Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) are at the forefront of modern aquaculture practices, driving both increased productivity and sustainability. These advanced technologies not only enhance the efficiency of fish farming but also address environmental challenges, setting the stage for a more resilient and eco-friendly industry.
MCQs about Transforming Aquaculture:Biofloc and RAS in India
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What is the main purpose of Biofloc Technology (BFT) in aquaculture?
A. To increase water usage in fish farming
B. To convert organic waste into fish feed
C. To maintain high temperatures in fish tanks
D. To filter and clean water using chemicals
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Which of the following is an advantage of Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS)?
A. High initial setup cost
B. Requires frequent water changes
C. Provides controlled conditions for optimal fish growth
D. Limited production capacity
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What is a key limitation of Biofloc Technology (BFT)?
A. Requires constant power supply
B. Expensive initial setup cost (~₹4-5 lakh)
C. High water consumption
D. Difficult to implement for small-scale farmers
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What is a key benefit of using Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS)?
A. Reduces the need for antibiotics by maintaining a controlled environment
B. Increases water wastage due to frequent filtration
C. Relies heavily on natural water sources
D. Promotes the use of external feed
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