Hindu Editorial Analysis :4-September-2024

The recent International Conference of Agricultural Economists (ICAE-2024) focused on the critical issues of malnutrition and hunger, which are worsening due to geopolitical unrest and climate change. The theme, “Transformation Towards Sustainable Agri-Food Systems,” underscores the urgent need for change in how we produce and distribute food.

Understanding Zero Hunger

Goal 2 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aims to create a world free of hunger by 2030. This goal is not just a lofty ideal; it is a necessary mission that speaks to our shared humanity.

Why Zero Hunger Matters

Achieving zero hunger is vital for several reasons:

  • Economic Growth: Well-nourished individuals contribute more effectively to economic development.
  • Health Benefits: Proper nutrition reduces the risk of diseases and improves overall health.
  • Education Improvement: Hungry children find it harder to concentrate and learn.
  • Promoting Gender Equality: Empowered women play a crucial role in reducing hunger in their communities.

Challenges to Achieving Zero Hunger

Despite advancements in agricultural productivity, over two billion people around the globe still do not have access to sufficient and nutritious food. The challenges include:

  • Rising Hunger: Since 2015, hunger and food insecurity have increased. Geopolitical unrest and climate change have worsened the situation.
  • Staggering Statistics: In 2022, about 735 million people—9.2% of the world’s population—faced chronic hunger. Additionally, 2.4 billion people experienced moderate to severe food insecurity, with a significant rise in numbers since 2019.
  • Malnutrition: Extreme hunger leads to stunted growth in 148 million children, while 45 million suffer from wasting. These conditions hinder both physical and cognitive development.

Strategies for Achieving Zero Hunger

A multi-dimensional approach is essential for tackling these issues effectively. Key strategies include:

  • Social Protection: Implementing safety nets for vulnerable populations, especially children.
  • Sustainable Agriculture: Promoting practices that enhance food security and protect the environment.
  • Investment in Agriculture: Critical for reducing hunger and building resilience against disasters.
  • Nutrition Focus: Ensuring access to safe and nutritious food, particularly for children.
  • Transforming Food Systems: Creating inclusive and sustainable systems that prioritize nutrition and reduce waste.

India’s Commitment

India has made significant strides towards achieving zero hunger. Once a net importer of food grains, the country has transformed into a net exporter. During the pandemic, the government efficiently distributed food through the Public Distribution System, ensuring emergency assistance to families.

Ongoing Challenges

Despite these efforts, India still faces serious challenges, including:

  • Malnutrition: Over 40 million children suffer from chronic malnutrition, and more than half of women aged 15-49 are anaemic.
  • Targeted Programs: Initiatives like the Integrated Child Development Services and the mid-day meal scheme highlight India’s commitment to addressing these issues.

Why In News

The recent triennial International Conference of Agricultural Economists (ICAE-2024) highlighted that malnutrition and hunger are worsening due to geopolitical unrest and climate change, while emphasizing the urgent need for transformative solutions in agricultural practices and policies to create sustainable agri-food systems that can effectively address these critical challenges.

MCQs about Transforming Towards Sustainable Agri-Food Systems

  1. What is the primary focus of the recent ICAE-2024 conference?
    A. Climate change policies
    B. Agricultural technology advancements
    C. Transformation Towards Sustainable Agri-Food Systems
    D. Economic growth strategies
    Correct Answer: C. Transformation Towards Sustainable Agri-Food Systems
    Explanation: The ICAE-2024 conference specifically highlighted the need for transformative solutions in agricultural practices to address malnutrition and hunger issues.
  2. Which of the following is NOT a reason why zero hunger matters?
    A. Economic growth
    B. Social media influence
    C. Health benefits
    D. Education improvement
    Correct Answer: B. Social media influence
    Explanation: While economic growth, health benefits, and education improvement are all critical reasons for pursuing zero hunger, social media influence is not directly related to the goal of eliminating hunger.
  3. According to the essay, how many people worldwide faced chronic hunger in 2022?
    A. 148 million
    B. 2.4 billion
    C. 735 million
    D. 9.2% of the global population
    Correct Answer: C. 735 million
    Explanation: In 2022, approximately 735 million people, which is about 9.2% of the world’s population, experienced chronic hunger.
  4. Which strategy is highlighted as essential for achieving zero hunger?
    A. Increasing food prices
    B. Promoting sustainable agriculture
    C. Reducing food production
    D. Limiting access to education
    Correct Answer: B. Promoting sustainable agriculture
    Explanation: The essay emphasizes promoting sustainable agriculture as a crucial strategy for enhancing food security and addressing hunger effectively.

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