Daily Current Affairs : 8-August-2023
The pages of history hold numerous architectural wonders that provide glimpses into the grandeur of bygone eras. One such jewel is Zafar Mahal, an exquisite monument situated in Mehrauli, South Delhi. The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is gearing up to embark on a crucial journey of conservation at Zafar Mahal, a 19th-century masterpiece from the twilight years of the Mughal dynasty.
Unveiling Zafar Mahal: A Glimpse into the Past
Zafar Mahal stands as a testament to the remarkable architectural prowess of the Mughal era, particularly its fading years. It served as a resplendent summer palace, capturing the essence of an era long gone by. Comprising two distinct components, Zafar Mahal’s story is intertwined with the legacies of two Mughal rulers.
- Mahal: Legacy of Akbar Shah II
The tale begins with Akbar Shah II, who erected the initial edifice in the 18th century. This part, known as the Mahal or palace, held within its walls the echoes of a regal lifestyle and the elegance of Mughal architecture. - Hathi Gate: Bahadur Shah Zafar’s Contribution
In the 19th century, Bahadur Shah Zafar II, the last Mughal emperor, contributed to Zafar Mahal’s splendor by reconstructing the entrance gate, known as Hathi Gate. This monumental gate not only added to the structural beauty but also symbolized the final flourish of Mughal architectural finesse.
A Palace Fit for Royalty: Zafar Mahal’s Significance
Zafar Mahal played a crucial role in the lives of Mughal rulers, especially during the Urs (death anniversary commemoration) of Hazrat Bakhtiyar Kaki, a revered Sufi saint. The palace transformed into a royal abode during these occasions, radiating an aura of spirituality and reverence. The festival of Sair-e-Gul Faroshan, initiated by Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar, added a colorful dimension to Zafar Mahal’s historical tapestry, honoring the memory of Hazrat Bakhtiyar Kaki.
A Journey Through Architecture: The Structure of Zafar Mahal
The architectural composition of Zafar Mahal unfolds in two distinct phases, each representing the vision and ingenuity of a Mughal monarch.
- First Phase: Akbar Shah II’s Creation
- Emperor Akbar Shah II laid the foundation of Zafar Mahal with a single-floor structure. This part encompassed several rooms, open spaces, the elegant Moti Masjid, and the Naubat Khana, where the ceremonial drum was sounded.
- Second Phase: Bahadur Shah Zafar’s Enhancements
- Bahadur Shah Zafar’s artistic touch elevated Zafar Mahal’s allure. He added an additional floor, magnificently crowned by the Hathi Gate, a masterpiece that greeted visitors with its grandeur.
- The emperor’s creative spirit also manifested in the central Chajja/Chhatri, an ornate architectural element that further enhanced the palace’s visual appeal.
Preserving the Legacy: ASI’s Conservation Efforts
As time’s relentless march takes its toll on historical marvels, the responsibility to safeguard these treasures falls upon the shoulders of organizations like the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). With its dedication to preservation and restoration, ASI’s upcoming conservation work at Zafar Mahal is a significant step toward ensuring that the monument’s charm remains intact for generations to come.
Important Points:
- Zafar Mahal: A 19th-century monument in Mehrauli, South Delhi, undergoing conservation by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).
- Last Monument of Mughal Era:
- Constructed as a summer palace during the waning years of the Mughal era.
- Consists of two main parts: the Mahal (palace) and the Hathi Gate.
- Historical Significance:
- Built by Akbar Shah II in the 18th century.
- Hathi Gate reconstructed by Bahadur Shah Zafar II in the 19th century.
- Served as a royal palace for Mughals during the Urs of Hazrat Bakhtiyar Kaki.
- Associated with the festival Sair-e-Gul Faroshan initiated by Bahadur Shah Zafar to honor Hz. Bakhtiyar Kaki.
- Architectural Details:
- Initial palace by Akbar Shah II: Single floor with rooms, open area, Moti Masjid, and Naubat Khana (ceremonial drum).
- Bahadur Shah Zafar’s additions: Added another floor, erected majestic Hathi Gate, central Chajja/Chhatri.
- ASI’s Conservation Efforts:
- Archaeological Survey of India responsible for preserving historical monuments.
- ASI’s conservation work aimed at safeguarding Zafar Mahal’s architectural and historical significance.
- Enduring Legacy:
- Zafar Mahal’s preservation ensures its charm and historical value for future generations.
- Reflects the architectural brilliance of the Mughal era.
- Dual legacy of Akbar Shah II and Bahadur Shah Zafar adds depth to its historical importance.
Why In News
The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is poised to commence its meticulous conservation efforts at Zafar Mahal, an exquisite 19th-century monument nestled in the heart of Mehrauli. This endeavor aims not only to preserve the historical charm of Zafar Mahal but also to ensure its enduring legacy for generations to come.
MCQs about Zafar Mahal
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What is the main purpose of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) at Zafar Mahal?
A. To construct a new entrance gate.
B. To host cultural festivals.
C. To conserve and restore the historical monument.
D. To conduct archaeological excavations.
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Who added the majestic Hathi Gate to Zafar Mahal?
A. Emperor Akbar Shah II
B. Hazrat Bakhtiyar Kaki
C. Bahadur Shah Zafar II
D. Emperor Shah Jahan
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What festival was initiated by Bahadur Shah Zafar to honor Hz. Bakhtiyar Kaki at Zafar Mahal?
A. Diwali Festival
B. Sair-e-Gul Faroshan (Phoolwaalon ki sair)
C. Mughal Music Festival
D. Qawwali Festival
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What architectural enhancements did Bahadur Shah Zafar make to Zafar Mahal?
A. Added a new wing to the palace.
B. Constructed a mosque within the palace.
C. Erected the Naubat Khana.
D. Added an additional floor and built the Chajja/Chhatri.
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